Ohio Admin. Code 4101:8-3-01 - Building planning
SECTION
301
301.1
Application.
Buildings
and structures, and parts thereof, shall be constructed to safely support all
loads, including dead loads, live loads, roof loads, flood loads, snow loads,
wind loads and seismic loads as prescribed by this code. The construction of
buildings and structures in accordance with the provisions of this code shall
result in a system that provides a complete load path that meets the
requirements for the transfer of loads from their point of origin through the
load-resisting elements to the foundation. Buildings and structures constructed
as prescribed by this code are deemed to comply with the requirements of this
section.
301.1.1
Alternative
provisions.
As an alternative to the
requirements in Section 301.1, the following standards are permitted subject to
the limitations of this code and the limitations therein. Where engineered
design is used in conjunction with these standards, the design shall comply
with the Ohio building code.
1.
AWC Wood Frame
Construction Manual (WFCM).
2.
AISI Standard for
Cold-Formed Steel Framing - Prescriptive Method for One- and Two-Family
Dwellings (AISI S230).
3.
ICC Standard on the Design and Construction of Log
Structures (ICC 400).
301.1.2
Construction systems.
The requirements of this code are based on platform and
balloon-frame construction for light-frame buildings. The requirements for
concrete and masonry buildings are based on a balloon framing system. Other
framing systems must have equivalent detailing to ensure force transfer,
continuity and compatible deformations.
301.1.3
Engineered design.
Where a building of otherwise conventional construction
contains structural elements exceeding the limits of Section 301 or otherwise
not conforming to this code, these elements shall be designed in accordance
with accepted engineering practice. The extent of such design need only
demonstrate compliance of nonconventional elements with other applicable
provisions and shall be compatible with the performance of the conventional
framed system. Engineered design in accordance with the Ohio building
code is permitted for buildings and structures, and parts thereof,
included in the scope of this code.
301.2
Climatic
and geographic design criteria.
Buildings
shall be constructed in accordance with the provisions of this code as limited
by the provisions of this section. Additional criteria shall be established by
the local jurisdiction and set forth in Table 301.2(1).
301.2.1
Wind
design criteria.
Buildings and portions
thereof shall be constructed in accordance with the wind provisions of this
code using the ultimate design wind speed in Table 301.2(1) as determined from
Figure 301.2(5) A. The structural provisions of this code for wind loads are
not permitted where wind design is required as specified in Section 301.2.1.1.
Where different construction methods and structural materials are used for
various portions of a building, the applicable requirements of this section for
each portion shall apply. Where not otherwise specified, the wind loads listed
in Table 301.2(2) adjusted for height and exposure using Table 301.2(3) shall
be used to determine design load performance requirements for wall coverings,
curtain walls, roof coverings, exterior windows, skylights, garage doors and
exterior doors. Asphalt shingles shall be designed for wind speeds in
accordance with Section 905.2.4. A continuous load path shall be provided to
transmit the applicable uplift forces in Section 802.11.1 from the roof
assembly to the foundation.
301.2.1.1
Wind limitations and wind design required.
Deleted
301.2.1.1.1
Sunrooms.
Sunrooms
shall comply with AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100. For the purpose of applying the criteria
of AAMA/NPEA/NSA 2100 based on the intended use, sunrooms shall be identified
as one of the following categories by the permit applicant, design professional
or the property owner or owner's agent in the construction documents. Component
and cladding pressures shall be used for the design of elements that do not
qualify as main windforce-resisting systems. Main windforce-resisting system
pressures shall be used for the design of elements assigned to provide support
and stability for the overall sunroom.
1.
Category I:
A thermally isolated sunroom with walls
that are open or enclosed with insect screening or 0.5 mm (20 mil) maximum
thick- ness plastic film. The space is non-habitable and
unconditioned.
2.
Category II:
A
thermally isolated sunroom with enclosed walls. The openings are enclosed with
translucent or transparent plastic or glass. The space is non-habitable and
unconditioned.
3.
Category III:
A
thermally isolated sunroom with enclosed walls. The openings are enclosed with
translucent or transparent plastic or glass. The sunroom fenestration complies
with additional requirements for air infiltration resistance and water
penetration resistance. The space is non-habitable and
unconditioned.
4.
Category IV:
A
thermally isolated sunroom with enclosed walls. The sunroom is designed to be
heated or cooled by a separate temperature control or system and is thermally
isolated from the primary structure. The sunroom fenestration complies with
additional requirements for water penetration resistance, air infiltration
resistance and thermal performance. The space is non-habitable and
conditioned.
5.
Category V:
A sunroom
with enclosed walls. The sunroom is designed to be heated or cooled and is open
to the main structure. The sunroom fenestration complies with additional
requirements for water penetration resistance, air infiltration resistance and
thermal performance. The space is habitable and conditioned.
301.2.1.2
Protection of openings.
Deleted
301.2.1.2.1
Application of ASTM E1996.
Deleted
301.2.1.3
Wind speed conversion.
Where referenced documents are based on nominal design wind
speeds and do not provide the means for conversion between ultimate design wind
speeds and nominal design wind speeds, the ultimate design wind speeds,
Vult, of Figure 301.2(5) A shall be converted to nominal
design wind speeds, Vasd, using Table 301.2.1.3.
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a.
Linear interpolation is permitted.
301.2.1.4
Exposure category.
For
each wind direction considered, an exposure category that adequately reflects
the characteristics of ground surface irregularities shall be determined for
the site at which the building or structure is to be constructed. For a site
located in the transition zone between categories, the category resulting in
the largest wind forces shall apply. Account shall be taken of variations in
ground surface roughness that arise from natural topography and vegetation as
well as from constructed features. For a site where multiple detached
one-, two- and three family dwellings,
Ohio building code group R occupancies permitted to use this
code or other structures are to be constructed as part of a
subdivision or master-planned community, or are otherwise designated as a
developed area by the authority having jurisdiction, the exposure category for
an individual structure shall be based on the site conditions that will exist
at the time when all adjacent structures on the site have been constructed,
provided that their construction is expected to begin within 1 year of the
start of construction for the structure for which the exposure category is
determined. For any given wind direction, the exposure in which a specific
building or other structure is sited shall be assessed as being one of the
following categories:
1.
Exposure B.
Urban and
suburban areas, wooded areas or other terrain with numerous closely spaced
obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger. Exposure B
shall be assumed unless the site meets the definition of another type
exposure.
2.
Exposure C.
Open
terrain with scattered obstructions, including surface undulations or other
irregularities, having heights generally less than 30 feet (9144 mm) extending
more than 1,500 feet (457 m) from the building site in any quadrant. This
exposure shall apply to any building located within Exposure B type terrain
where the building is directly adjacent to open areas of Exposure C type
terrain in any quadrant for a distance of more than 600 feet (183 m). This
category includes flat, open country and grasslands.
3.
Exposure D.
Flat, unobstructed areas exposed to wind
flowing over open water, smooth mud flats, salt flats and unbroken ice for a
distance of not less than 5,000 feet (1524 m). This exposure shall apply only
to those buildings and other structures exposed to the wind coming from over
the unobstructed area. Exposure D extends downwind from the edge of the
unobstructed area a distance of 600 feet (183 m) or 20 times the height of the
building or structure, whichever is greater.
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a.
Where weathering requires a higher strength concrete or
grade of masonry than necessary to satisfy the structural requirements of this
code, the frost line depth strength required for weathering shall govern. The
grade of masonry units shall be determined from ASTM C34, C55, C62, C73, C90,
C129, C145, C216 or C652.
b.
Where the frost line depth requires deeper footings
than indicated in Figure R 403.1(1), the frost line depth strength required for
weathering shall govern. The jurisdiction shall fill in the frost line depth
column with the minimum depth of footing below finish grade.
c.
Indicates
the need for protection depending on whether there has been a history of local
subterranean termite damage.
d.
Wind exposure
category shall be determined on a site-specific basis in accordance with
Section 301.2.1.4.
e.
The outdoor design dry-bulb temperature shall be
determined from the following table:
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f.
The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table
with the seismic design category determined from Section
301.2.2.1.
g.
The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table
with (a) the date of the jurisdiction's entry into the National Flood Insurance
Program (date of adoption of the first code or ordinance for management of
flood hazard areas), (b) the date(s) of the Flood Insurance Study and (c) the
panel numbers and dates of the currently effective FIRMs and FBFMs or other
flood hazard map adopted by the authority having jurisdiction, as
amended.
h.
In accordance with Sections 905.1.2, 905.4.3.1,
905.5.3.1, 905.6.3.1, 905.7.3.1 and 905.8.3.1, all jurisdictions in
Ohio have a history of local damage from the effects of ice
damming,
i.
The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table
with the 100-year return period air freezing index (BF-days) from Figure
403.3(2) or from the 100-year (99 percent) value on the National Climatic Data
Center data table "Air Freezing Index-USA Method (Base
32°F)."
j.
The jurisdiction shall fill in this part of the table
with the mean annual temperature from the National Climatic Data Center data
table "Air Freezing Index-USA Method (Base 32°F)."
k.
Topographic wind speed-up effects
-Deleted
l.
Unusual wind conditions
-Deleted
m.
Wind-borne debris wind zone(s)
-Deleted
n.
The jurisdiction shall fill in these sections of the
table to establish the design criteria using Table 1a or 1b from ACCA Manual J
or established criteria determined by the jurisdiction.
o.
The jurisdiction
shall fill in this section of the table using the Ground Snow Loads in Figure
301.2(6).
Click to view image
a.
The effective wind area shall be equal to the span
length multiplied by an effective width. This width shall be permitted to be
not less than one-third the span length. For cladding fasteners, the effective
wind area shall not be greater than the area that is tributary to an individual
fastener.
b.
For effective areas between those given, the load shall
be interpolated or the load associated with the lower effective area shall be
used.
c.
Table values shall be adjusted for height and exposure
by multiplying by the adjustment coefficient in Table 301.2(3).
d.
See Figure
301.2(8) for location of zones.
e.
Plus and minus
signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the building
surfaces.
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MEAN ROOF HEIGHT |
EXPOSURE |
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B |
C |
D |
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15 |
1.00 |
1.21 |
1.47 |
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20 |
1.00 |
1.29 |
1.55 |
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25 |
1.00 |
1.35 |
1.61 |
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30 |
1.00 |
1.40 |
1.66 |
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35 |
1.05 |
1.45 |
1.70 |
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40 |
1.09 |
1.49 |
1.74 |
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45 |
1.12 |
1.53 |
1.78 |
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50 |
1.16 |
1.56 |
1.81 |
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55 |
1.19 |
1.59 |
1.84 |
|
60 |
1.22 |
1.62 |
1.87 |
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a.
Alaska and Hawaii are classified as severe and
negligible, respectively.
b.
Lines defining areas are approximate only. Local
conditions may be more or less severe than indicated by region classification.
A severe classification is where weather conditions result in significant
snowfall combined with extended periods during which there is little or no
natural thawing causing deicing salts to be used extensively.
Click to view image
Click to view image
a.
In CS areas,
site-specific Case Studies are required to establish ground snow loads. Extreme
local variations in ground snow loads in these areas preclude mapping at this
scale.
b.
Numbers in parentheses represent the upper elevation
limits in feet for the ground snow load values presented below. Site-specific
case studies are required to establish ground snow loads at elevations not
covered.
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301.2.1.5
Topographic wind effects.
Deleted
301.2.1.5.1
Simplified topographic wind speed-up method.
Deleted
301.2.2
Seismic provisions.
Buildings in Seismic Design Categories C shall be
constructed in accordance with the requirements of this section and other
seismic requirements of this code. The seismic provisions of this code shall
apply as follows:
1.
Buildings with four or more dwelling units
in Seismic Design Categories
C.
2.
Deleted
301.2.2.1
Determination of seismic design category.
Buildings shall be assigned a seismic design category in
accordance with Figure 301.2(2)and Table 301.2.2.1.1
301.2.2.1.1
Alternate determination of seismic design category.
The seismic design categories and
corresponding short-period design spectral response accelerations,
SDS, shown in Figure 301.2(2), are based on soil Site
Class D, used as an assumed default, as defined in Section 1613.2 of the
Ohio Building Code. If soil conditions are determined by the
building official to be Site Class A, B, or D, the seismic design category and
short-period design spectral response accelerations,
SDS, for a site shall be allowed to be determined in
accordance with Figure 301.2(3), or Section 1613.3 of the
Ohio Building Code. The value of SDS
determined in accordance with Section 1613.3 of the
Ohio Building Code is permitted to be used to set the seismic
design category in accordance with Table 301.2.2.1.1, and to interpolate
between values in Tables 602.10.3(3), 603.9.2(1) and other seismic design
requirements of this code.
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301.2.2.1.2
Alternative determination of Seismic Design
Category E.
Deleted
301.2.2.2
Weights of materials.
Average dead loads shall not exceed 15 pounds per square
foot (720 Pa) for the combined roof and ceiling assemblies (on a horizontal
projection) or 10 pounds per square foot (480 Pa) for floor assemblies, except
as further limited by Section 301.2.2. Dead loads for walls above grade shall
not exceed:
1.
Fifteen pounds per square foot (720 Pa) for exterior
light-frame wood walls.
2.
Fourteen pounds per square foot (670 Pa) for exterior
light-frame cold-formed steel walls.
3.
Ten pounds per
square foot (480 Pa) for interior light-frame wood walls.
4.
Five pounds per
square foot (240 Pa) for interior light-frame cold-formed steel
walls.
5.
Eighty pounds per square foot (3830 Pa) for
8-inch-thick (203 mm) masonry walls.
6.
Eighty-five pounds
per square foot (4070 Pa) for 6-inch-thick (152 mm) concrete
walls.
7.
Ten pounds per square foot (480 Pa) for SIP
walls.
1.
Roof and ceiling
dead loads not exceeding 25 pounds per square foot (1190 Pa) shall be permitted
provided that the wall bracing amounts in Section 602.10.3 are increased in
accordance with Table 602.10.3(4).
2.
Light-frame walls
with stone or masonry veneer shall be permitted in accordance with the
provisions of Sections 702.1 and 703.
3.
Fireplaces and
chimneys shall be permitted in accordance with Chapter
10.
301.2.2.3
Stone and masonry veneer.
Anchored stone and masonry veneer shall comply with the
requirements of Sections 702.1 and 703.
301.2.2.4
Masonry construction.
Deleted
301.2.2.5
Concrete construction.
Buildings with exterior above-grade concrete walls shall
comply with PCA 100 or shall be designed in accordance with ACI 318.
301.2.2.6
Irregular buildings.
The seismic provisions of this code shall not be used for
structures, or portions thereof, located in Seismic Design Categories C and
considered to be irregular in accordance with this section. A building or
portion of a building shall be considered to be irregular where one or more of
the conditions defined in Items 1 through 7 occur. Irregular structures, or
irregular portions of structures, shall be designed in accordance with accepted
engineering practice to the extent the irregular features affect the
performance of the remaining structural system. Where the forces associated
with the irregularity are resisted by a structural system designed in
accordance with accepted engineering practice, the remainder of the building
shall be permitted to be designed using the provisions of this code.
1.
Shear wall
or braced wall offsets out of plane. Conditions where exterior shear
wall lines or braced wall panels are not in one plane vertically from the
foundation to the uppermost story in which they are required.
1.
Floor joists are nominal 2 inches by 10 inches (51 mm
by 254 mm) or larger and spaced not more than 16 inches (406 mm) on
center.
2.
The ratio of the back span to the cantilever is not
less than 2 to 1.
3.
Floor joists at ends of braced wall panels are
doubled.
4.
For wood-frame construction, a continuous rim joist is
connected to ends of cantilever joists. Where spliced, the rim joists shall be
spliced using a galvanized metal tie not less than 0.058 inch ( 1.5 mm) (16
gage) and 11/2 inches (38 mm) wide fastened with six 16d nails on each side of
the splice; or a block of the same size as the rim joist and of sufficient
length to fit securely between the joist space at which the splice occurs,
fastened with eight 16d nails on each side of the splice.
5.
Gravity loads
carried at the end of cantilevered joists are limited to uniform wall and roof
loads and the reactions from headers having a span of 8 feet (2438 mm) or
less.
2.
Lateral support of roofs and floors.
Conditions where a section of floor or
roof is not laterally supported by shear walls or braced wall lines on all
edges.
3.
Shear wall
or braced wall offsets in plane.
Conditions where the end of a braced wall panel occurs over
an opening in the wall below and extends more than 1 foot (305 mm) horizontally
past the edge of the opening. This provision is applicable to shear walls and
braced wall panels offset in plane and to braced wall panels offset out of
plane in accordance with the exception to Item 1.
1.
The building
width, loading condition and framing member species limitations of Table
602.7(1) shall apply.
2.
The header is composed of:
2.1
Not less than one
2 × 12 or two 2 × 10 for an opening not more than 4 feet (1219 mm)
wide.
2.2
Not less than two 2 × 12 or three 2 × 10
for an opening not more than 6 feet (1829 mm) in width.
2.3
Not less than
three 2 × 12 or four 2 × 10 for an opening not more than 8 feet
(2438 mm) in width.
3.
The entire length
of the braced wall panel does not occur over an opening in the wall
below.
4.
Floor and roof opening
. Conditions where an opening in a floor or roof exceeds the
lesser of 12 feet (3658 mm) or 50 percent of the least floor or roof
dimension.
5.
Floor level offset
.
Conditions where portions of a floor level are vertically offset.
1.
Framing supported
directly by continuous foundations at the perimeter of the
building.
2.
For wood light-frame construction, floors shall be
permitted to be vertically offset where the floor framing is lapped or tied
together as required by Section 502.6.1.
6.
Perpendicular shear wall and wall bracing
. Conditions where shear walls and braced wall lines do not
occur in two perpendicular directions.
7.
Wall bracing
in stories containing masonry or concrete construction
. Conditions where stories above grade plane are partially
or completely braced by wood wall framing in accordance with Section 602 or
cold-formed steel wall framing in accordance with Section 603 include masonry
or concrete construction. Where this irregularity applies, the entire story
shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice.
301.2.2.7
Height limitations.
Wood-framed buildings shall be limited to three stories
above grade plane or the limits given in Table 602.10.3(3). Cold-formed
steel-framed buildings shall be limited to less than or equal to three stories
above grade plane in accordance with AISI S230. Mezzanines as defined in
Section 202. Structural insulated panel buildings shall be limited to two
stories above grade plane.
301.2.2.8
Cold-formed steel framing in Seismic Design Categories
D0, D1 and D2 .
Deleted
301.2.2.9
Masonry chimneys.
Deleted
301.2.2.10
Anchorage of water heaters.
Deleted
301.2.3
Snow
loads.
Wood-framed construction,
cold-formed, steel-framed construction and masonry and concrete construction,
and structural insulated panel construction in regions with ground snow loads
70 pounds per square foot ( 3.35 kPa) or less, shall be in accordance with
Chapters 5, 6 and 8. Buildings in regions with ground snow loads greater than
70 pounds per square foot ( 3.35 kPa) shall be designed in accordance with
accepted engineering practice.
301.2.4
Floodplain construction.
Buildings and structures constructed in whole or in part in
flood hazard areas (including A or V Zones) as established in Table 301.2(1),
and substantial improvement and repair of substantial damage of buildings and
structures in flood hazard areas, shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with Section 322. Buildings and structures that are located in more
than one flood hazard area shall comply with the provisions associated with the
most restrictive flood hazard area. Buildings and structures located in whole
or in part in identified floodways shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with ASCE 24.
301.2.4.1
Alternative provisions.
As an alternative to the requirements in Section 322, ASCE
24 is permitted subject to the limitations of this code and the limitations
therein.
301.3
Story
height.
The wind and seismic provisions of
this code shall apply to buildings with story heights not exceeding the
following:
1.
For wood wall framing, the story height shall not exceed 11
feet 7 inches (3531 mm) and the laterally unsupported bearing wall stud height
permitted by Table 602.3(5).
2.
For cold-formed
steel wall framing, the story height shall be not more than 11 feet 7 inches
(3531 mm) and the unsupported bearing wall stud height shall be not more than
10 feet (3048 mm).
3.
For masonry walls, the story height shall be not more
than 13 feet 7 inches (4140 mm) and the bearing wall clear height shall be not
more than 12 feet (3658 mm).
4.
For insulating
concrete form walls, the maximum story height shall not exceed 11 feet 7 inches
(3531 mm) and the maximum unsupported wall height per story as permitted by
Section 608 tables shall not exceed 10 feet (3048 mm).
5.
For structural
insulated panel (SIP) walls, the story height shall be not more than 11 feet 7
inches (3531 mm) and the bearing wall height per story as permitted by Section
610 tables shall not exceed 10 feet (3048 mm).
301.4
Dead
load.
The actual weights of materials and
construction shall be used for determining dead load with consideration for the
dead load of fixed service equipment.
301.5
Live
load.
The minimum uniformly distributed
live load shall be as provided in Table 301.5.
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a.
Elevated garage floors shall be capable of supporting a
2,000-pound load applied over a 20-square-inch area.
b.
Uninhabitable
attics without storage are those where the clear height between joists and
rafters is not more than 42 inches, or where there are not two or more adjacent
trusses with web configurations capable of accommodating an assumed rectangle
42 inches in height by 24 inches in width, or greater, within the plane of the
trusses. This live load need not be assumed to act concurrently with any other
live load requirements.
c.
Individual stair treads shall be designed for the
uniformly distributed live load or a 300-pound concentrated load acting over an
area of 4 square inches, whichever produces the greater
stresses.
d.
A single concentrated load applied in any direction at
any point along the top.
e.
See Section 507.1 for decks attached to exterior
walls.
f.
Guard in-fill components (all those except the
handrail), balusters and panel fillers shall be designed to withstand a
horizontally applied normal load of 50 pounds on an area equal to 1 square
foot. This load need not be assumed to act concurrently with any other live
load requirement.
g.
Uninhabitable attics with limited storage are those
where the clear height between joists and rafters is 42 inches or greater, or
where there are two or more adjacent trusses with web configurations capable of
accommodating an assumed rectangle 42 inches in height by 24 inches in width,
or greater, within the plane of the trusses.
1.
The attic area is accessed from an opening not less
than 20 inches in width by 30 inches in length that is located where the clear
height in the attic is not less than 30 inches.
2.
The slopes of the
joists or truss bottom chords are not greater than 2 inches vertical to 12
units horizontal.
3.
Required insulation depth is less than the joist or
truss bottom chord member depth.
h.
Glazing
used in handrail assemblies and guards shall be designed with a safety factor
of 4. The safety factor shall be applied to each of the concentrated loads
applied to the top of the rail, and to the load on the infill components. These
loads shall be determined independent of one another, and loads are assumed not
to occur with any other live load.
301.6
Roof
load.
The roof shall be designed for the
live load indicated in Table 301.6 or the snow load indicated in Table
301.2(1), whichever is greater.
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301.7
Deflection.
The
allowable deflection of any structural member under the live load listed in
Sections 301.5 and 301.6 or wind loads determined by Section 301.2.1 shall not
exceed the values in Table 301.7.
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a.
For the purpose of
the determining deflection limits herein, the wind load shall be permitted to
be taken as 0.7 times the component and cladding (ASD) loads obtained from
Table 301.2(2).
b.
For cantilever members, L shall be
taken as twice the length of the cantilever.
c.
For aluminum
structural members or panels used in roofs or walls of sunroom additions or
patio covers, not supporting edge of glass or sandwich panels, the total load
deflection shall not exceed L/60. For continuous aluminum
structural members supporting edge of glass, the total load deflection shall
not exceed L/175 for each glass lite or L/60
for the entire length of the member, whichever is more stringent. For sandwich
panels used in roofs or walls of sunroom additions or patio covers, the total
load deflection shall not exceed L/120.
d.
Deflection for
exterior walls with interior gypsum board finish shall be limited to an
allowable deflection of H/180.
e.
Refer to Section
703.8.2.
301.8
Nominal sizes.
For the purposes of this code, dimensions of lumber
specified shall be deemed to be nominal dimensions unless specifically
designated as actual dimensions.
SECTION 302
302.1
Exterior walls.
Construction, projections, openings and penetrations of
exterior walls of dwellings and accessory buildings shall comply with Table
302.1(1); or dwellings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
installed in accordance with Section 2904 shall comply with Table
302.1(2).
1.
Walls,
projections, openings or penetrations in walls perpendicular to the line used
to determine the fire separation distance.
2.
Walls of
individual dwelling units and their accessory structures located on the same
lot.
3.
Detached tool sheds and storage sheds, playhouses and
similar structures exempted from approval by Section
102.10
are not
required to provide wall protection based on location on the lot. Projections
beyond the exterior wall shall not extend over the lot line.
4.
Detached garages
accessory to a dwelling located within 2 feet (610 mm) of a lot line are
permitted to have roof eave projections not exceeding 4 inches (102
mm).
5.
Foundation vents installed in compliance with this code
are permitted.
6.
Detached garages accessory to a dwelling with
an exterior wall located greater than or equal to 3 feet from a lot
line.
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a.
The fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be
reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave overhang if fireblocking is
provided from the wall top plate to the underside of the roof
sheathing.
b.
The fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be
reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the rake overhang where gable vent
openings are not installed.
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a.
For residential subdivisions where all dwellings are
equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance
with Section 2904, the fire separation distance for exterior walls not
fire-resistance rated and for fire-resistance-rated projections shall be
permitted to be reduced to 0 feet, and unlimited unprotected openings and
penetrations shall be permitted, where the adjoining lot provides an open
setback yard that is 6 feet or more in width on the opposite side of the
property line.
b.
The fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be
reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the eave overhang if fireblocking is
provided from the wall top plate to the underside of the roof
sheathing.
c.
The fire-resistance rating shall be permitted to be
reduced to 0 hours on the underside of the rake overhang where gable vent
openings are not installed.
302.2
Residential structures with more than two dwelling
units.
In structures with
more than two dwelling units, each grouping of two dwelling units shall be
separated from an adjacent dwelling unit or an adjacent grouping of two
dwelling units by two wall assemblies, each having a fire resistance rating of
one hour when tested in accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263 and/or a floor
ceiling assembly having a fire resistance rating of two hours when tested in
accordance with ASTM E119 or UL 263.
302.2.1
Double
walls.
Deleted
302.2.2
Common
walls.
Deleted
302.2.3
Continuity.
The
fire-resistance-rated wall or assembly separating dwelling units
shall be continuous from the foundation to the underside of the roof
sheathing, deck or slab. The fire-resistance rating shall extend the full
length of the wall or assembly, including wall extensions through and
separating attached enclosed accessory structures.
302.2.4
Parapets.
Parapets
constructed in accordance with Section 302.2.5 shall be constructed for
dwellings units as an extension of exterior walls or common
walls in accordance with the following:
1.
Where roof
surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at the same elevation, the parapet
shall extend not less than 30 inches (762 mm) above the roof
surfaces.
2.
Where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are
at different elevations and the higher roof is not more than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the lower roof, the parapet shall extend not less than 30 inches (762 mm)
above the lower roof surface.
3.
A parapet is not
required where roof surfaces adjacent to the wall or walls are at different
elevations and the higher roof is more than 30 inches (762 mm) above the lower
roof. The common wall construction from the lower roof to the underside of the
higher roof deck shall have not less than a 1-hour fire-resistance rating. The
wall shall be rated for exposure from both sides.
302.2.5
Parapet
construction.
Parapets shall have the same
fire-resistance rating as that required for the supporting wall or walls. On
any side adjacent to a roof surface, the parapet shall have noncombustible
faces for the uppermost 18 inches (457 mm), to include counterflashing and
coping materials. Where the roof slopes toward a parapet at slopes greater than
2 units vertical in 12 units horizontal ( 16.7 -percent slope), the parapet
shall extend to the same height as any portion of the roof within a distance of
3 feet (914 mm), and the height shall be not less than 30 inches (762
mm).
302.2.6
Structural independence.
Each individual dwelling unit shall be
structurally independent.
1.
Foundations
supporting exterior walls or common walls.
2.
Structural roof
and wall sheathing from each unit fastened to the common wall
framing.
3.
Nonstructural wall and roof coverings.
4.
Flashing at
termination of roof covering over common wall.
5.
Dwelling
units
separated by a common wall as
provided in Section 302.2.2, Item 1 or 2.
6.
Dwelling
units stacked vertically.
302.3
Two-family dwellings.
Dwelling units in two-family dwellings shall be separated
from each other by wall and floor assemblies having not less than a 1-hour
fire-resistance rating where tested in accordance with ASTM E119, UL 263 or
Section 703.3 of the Ohio building code. Fire-resistance-rated
floor/ceiling and wall assemblies shall extend to and be tight against the
exterior wall, and wall assemblies shall extend from the foundation to the
underside of the roof sheathing.
1.
A fire-resistance
rating of1 /2 - hour
shall be permitted in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler
system installed in accordance with NFPA 13.
2.
Wall assemblies
need not extend through attic spaces where the ceiling is protected by not less
than5/8-inch ( 15.9 mm) Type X gypsum board, an
attic draft stop constructed as specified in Section 302.12.1 is provided above
and along the wall assembly separating the dwellings and the structural framing
supporting the ceiling is protected by not less than ½-inch ( 12.7 mm)
gypsum board or equivalent and the dwelling is equipped throughout with
an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with NFPA
13D.
302.3.1
Supporting construction.
Where floor assemblies are required to be fire-resistance
rated by Section 302.3, the supporting construction of such assemblies shall
have an equal or greater fire-resistance rating.
302.4
Dwelling
unit rated penetrations.
Penetrations of
wall or floor-ceiling assemblies required to be fire-resistance rated in
accordance with Section 302.2 or 302.3 shall be protected in accordance with
this section.
302.4.1
Through penetrations.
Through penetrations of fire-resistance-rated wall or floor
assemblies shall comply with Section 302.4. 1.1 or 302.4. 1.2.
1.
In concrete or masonry wall or floor assemblies,
concrete, grout or mortar shall be permitted where installed to the full
thickness of the wall or floor assembly or the thickness required to maintain
the fire-resistance rating, provided that both of the following are complied
with:
1.1.
The
nominal diameter of the penetrating item is not more than 6 inches (152
mm).
1.2.
The area of the opening through the wall does not
exceed 144 square inches (92,900
mm2).
2.
The material used
to fill the annular space shall prevent the passage of flame and hot gases
sufficient to ignite cotton waste where subjected to ASTM E119 or UL 263 time
temperature fire conditions under a positive pressure differential of not less
than 0.01 inch of water (3 Pa) at the location of the penetration for the time
period equivalent to the fire-resistance rating of the construction
penetrated.
302.4.1.1
Fire-resistance-rated assembly.
Penetrations shall be installed as tested in the approved
fire resistance-rated assembly.
302.4.1.2
Penetration firestop system.
Penetrations shall be protected by an approved penetration
firestop system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM E814 or UL 1479,
with a positive pressure differential of not less than 0.01 inch of water (3
Pa) and shall have an F rating of not less than the required fire-resistance
rating of the wall or floor-ceiling assembly
penetrated.
302.4.2
Membrane penetrations.
Membrane penetrations shall comply with Section 302.4.1.
Where walls are required to have a fire-resistance rating, recessed fixtures
shall be installed so that the required fire-resistance rating will not be
reduced.
1.
Membrane
penetrations of not more than 2-hour fire-resistance-rated walls and partitions
by steel electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 square inches ( 0.0103
m2) in area provided that the aggregate area of the
openings through the membrane does not exceed 100 square inches ( 0.0645
m2) in any 100 square feet (
9.29
m2) of wall area. The annular space between the wall
membrane and the box shall not exceed1/8 inch ( 3.1
mm). Such boxes on opposite sides of the wall shall be separated by one of the
following:
1.1.
By a horizontal distance of not less than 24 inches (610 mm) where the wall or
partition is constructed with individual noncommunicating stud
cavities.
1.2.
By a horizontal distance of not less than the depth of
the wall cavity where the wall cavity is filled with cellulose loose-fill,
rockwool or slag mineral wool insulation.
1.3.
By solid
fireblocking in accordance with Section
302.11.
1.4.
By protecting
both boxes with listed putty pads.
1.5.
By other listed
materials and methods.
2.
Membrane
penetrations by listed electrical boxes of any materials provided that the
boxes have been tested for use in fire-resistance-rated assemblies and are
installed in accordance with the instructions included in the listing. The
annular space between the wall membrane and the box shall not
exceed1/8 inch ( 3.1 mm) unless listed otherwise.
Such boxes on opposite sides of the wall shall be separated by one of the
following:
2.1.
By the horizontal distance specified in the listing of the electrical
boxes.
2.2.
By solid fireblocking in accordance with Section
302.11.
2.3.
By protecting
both boxes with listed putty pads.
2.4.
By other listed
materials and methods
3.
The annular space
created by the penetration of a fire sprinkler provided that it is covered by a
metal escutcheon plate.
4.
Ceiling membrane penetrations by listed and
labeled luminaires or by luminaires protected with listed materials
that have been tested for use in fire resistance-rated assemblies and are
installed in accordance with the instructions included in the
listing.
302.5
Dwelling-garage opening and penetration protection.
Openings and penetrations through the
walls or ceilings separating the dwelling from the garage shall be in
accordance with Sections 302.5.1 through 302.5.3.
302.5.1
Opening
protection.
Openings from a private garage
directly into a room used for sleeping purposes shall not be permitted. Other
openings between the garage and residence shall be equipped with solid wood
doors not less than 13/8 inches (35 mm) in
thickness, solid or honeycomb-core steel doors not less than
13/8 inches (35 mm) thick, or 20-minute fire-rated
doors.
302.5.2
Duct penetration.
Ducts
in the garage and ducts penetrating the walls or ceilings separating the
dwelling from the garage shall be constructed of a minimum No. 26 gage ( 0.48
mm) sheet steel or other approved material and shall not have openings into the
garage.
302.5.3
Other penetrations.
Penetrations through the separation required in Section
302.6 shall be protected as required by Section
302.11, Item 4.
302.6
Dwelling-garage fire separation.
The garage shall be separated as required by Table 302.6.
Openings in garage walls shall comply with Section 302.5. Attachment of gypsum
board shall comply with Table 702.3.5. The wall separation provisions of Table
302.6 shall not apply to garage walls that are perpendicular to the adjacent
dwelling unit wall.
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1.
To determine fire resistance equivalents, refer to section
302.14
302.7
Under-stair protection.
Enclosed space under stairs that is accessed by a door or
access panel shall have walls, under-stair surface and any soffits protected on
the enclosed side with ½ -inch ( 12.7 mm) gypsum board.
302.8
Foam
plastics.
For requirements for foam
plastics, see Section 316.
302.9
Flame
spread index and smoke-developed index for wall and ceiling finishes.
Flame spread and smoke- developed indices
for wall and ceiling finishes shall be in accordance with Sections 302.9.1
through 302.9.4.
302.9.1
Flame spread index.
Wall and ceiling finishes shall have a flame spread index of
not greater than 200.
302.9.2
Smoke-developed index.
Wall and ceiling finishes shall have a smoke-developed index
of not greater than 450.
302.9.3
Testing.
Tests shall be
made in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723.
302.9.4
Alternative test method.
As an alternative to having a flame spread index of not
greater than 200 and a smoke-developed index of not greater than 450 where
tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723, wall and ceiling finishes shall
be permitted to be tested in accordance with NFPA 286. Materials tested in
accordance with NFPA 286 shall meet the following criteria:
1.
During the 40 kW exposure, flames shall not spread to
the ceiling.
2.
The flame shall not spread to the outer extremity of
the sample on any wall or ceiling.
3.
Flashover, as
defined in NFPA 286, shall not occur.
4.
The peak heat
release rate throughout the test shall not exceed 800 kW.
5.
The total smoke
released throughout the test shall not exceed 1,000
m2.
302.10
Flame
spread index and smoke-developed index for insulation.
Flame spread and smoke-developed index for insulation shall
be in accordance with Sections 302.10.1 through 302.10.5.
302.10.1
Insulation.
Insulating materials installed
within floor-ceiling assemblies, roof-ceiling assemblies, wall assemblies,
crawl spaces and attics shall comply with the requirements of this section.
They shall exhibit a flame spread index not to exceed 25 and a smoke-developed
index not to exceed 450 where tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723.
Insulating materials, where tested in accordance with the requirements of this
section, shall include facings, where used, such as vapor retarders, vapor
permeable membranes and similar coverings.
1.
Where such
materials are installed in concealed spaces, the flame spread index and
smoke-developed index limitations do not apply to the facings, provided that
the facing is installed in substantial contact with the unexposed surface of
the ceiling, floor or wall finish.
2.
Cellulose fiber
loose-fill insulation that is not spray applied and that complies with the
requirements of Section 302.10.3 shall not be required to meet the flame spread
index requirements but shall be required to meet a smoke-developed index of not
more than 450 where tested in accordance with CAN/ULC S 102.2.
3.
Foam plastic
insulation shall comply with Section 316.
302.10.2
Loose-fill insulation.
Loose-fill insulation materials that cannot be mounted in
the ASTM E84 or UL723 apparatus without a screen or artificial supports shall
comply with the flame spread and smoke-developed limits of Section 302.10.1
where tested in accordance with CAN/ULC S 102.2.
302.10.3
Cellulosic fiber loose-fill insulation.
Cellulosic fiber loose-fill insulation shall comply with
CPSC 16 CFR, Parts 1209 and 1404. Each package of such insulating material
shall be clearly labeled in accordance with CPSC 16 CFR, Parts
1209 and 1404.
302.10.4
Exposed attic insulation.
Exposed insulation materials installed on attic floors shall
have a critical radiant flux of not less than 0.12 watt per square
centimeter.
302.10.5
Testing.
Tests for critical radiant flux shall be made in accordance
with ASTM E970.
302.11
Fireblocking.
In
combustible construction, fireblocking shall be provided to cut off both
vertical and horizontal concealed draft openings and to form an effective fire
barrier between stories, and between a top story and the roof space.
1.
In concealed
spaces of stud walls and partitions, including furred spaces and parallel rows
of studs or staggered studs, as follows:
1.1.
Vertically at
the ceiling and floor levels.
1.2.
Horizontally at
intervals not exceeding 10 feet (3048 mm).
2.
At
interconnections between concealed vertical and horizontal spaces such as occur
at soffits, drop ceilings and cove ceilings.
3.
In concealed
spaces between stair stringers at the top and bottom of the run. Enclosed
spaces under stairs shall comply with Section 302.7.
4.
At openings around
vents, pipes, ducts, cables and wires at ceiling and floor level, with an
approved material to resist the free passage of flame and products of
combustion. The material filling this annular space shall not be required to
meet the ASTM E136 requirements.
5.
For the
fireblocking of chimneys and fireplaces, see Section 1003.19.
6.
In
buildings or structures with more than one dwelling unit, fireblocking
of cornices is required at the line of
dwelling unit separation.
302.11.1
Fireblocking materials.
Except as provided in Section
302.11, Item 4, fireblocking
shall consist of the following materials.
1.
Two-inch (51 mm)
nominal lumber
2.
Two thicknesses of 1-inch ( 25.4 mm) nominal lumber
with broken lap joints.
3.
One thickness of23/32 -inch
( 18.3 mm) wood structural panels with joints backed
by23/32 -inch ( 18.3 mm) wood structural
panels.
4.
One thickness of ¾-inch ( 19.1 mm) particleboard
with joints backed by ¾-inch ( 19.1 mm) particleboard
5.
One-half-inch (
12.7 mm) gypsum board.
6.
One-quarter-inch ( 6.4 mm) cement-based
millboard.
7.
Batts or blankets of mineral wool or glass fiber or
other approved materials installed in such a manner as to be securely retained
in place.
8.
Cellulose insulation installed as tested in accordance
with ASTM E119 or UL 263, for the specific application.
302.11.1.1
Batts or blankets of mineral or glass fiber.
Batts or blankets of mineral or glass
fiber or other approved nonrigid materials shall be permitted for compliance
with the 10-foot (3048 mm) horizontal fireblocking in walls constructed using
parallel rows of studs or staggered studs.
302.11.1.2
Unfaced fiberglass.
Unfaced fiberglass batt insulation used as fireblocking
shall fill the entire cross section of the wall cavity to a height of not less
than 16 inches (406 mm) measured vertically. Where piping, conduit or similar
obstructions are encountered, the insulation shall be packed tightly around the
obstruction.
302.11.1.3
Loose-fill insulation material.
Loose-fill insulation material shall not be used as a
fireblock unless specifically tested in the form and manner intended for use to
demonstrate its ability to remain in place and to retard the spread of fire and
hot gases.
302.11.2
Fireblocking integrity.
The integrity of fire-blocks shall be
maintained.
302.12
Draftstopping.
In combustible construction where there is usable space both
above and below the concealed space of a floor-ceiling assembly, draftstops
shall be installed so that the area of the concealed space does not exceed
1,000 square feet ( 92.9 m2). Draftstopping shall
divide the concealed space into approximately equal areas. Where the assembly
is enclosed by a floor membrane above and a ceiling membrane below,
draftstopping shall be provided in floor-ceiling assemblies under the following
circumstances:
1.
Ceiling is suspended under the floor
framing.
2.
Floor framing is constructed of truss-type open-web or
perforated members.
302.12.1
Materials.
Draftstopping materials shall be not less than½ -inch
( 12.7 mm) gypsum board,3/8 -inch ( 9.5 mm) wood
structural panels or other approved materials adequately supported.
Draftstopping shall be installed parallel to the floor framing members unless
otherwise approved by the building official. The integrity of the draftstops
shall be maintained.
302.13
Fire
protection of floors.
Floor assemblies
that are not required elsewhere in this code to be fire-resistance rated, shall
be provided with a½ -inch ( 12.7 mm) gypsum board
membrane,5/8-inch (16 mm) wood structural panel
membrane, or equivalent material, which complies with section
302.15, on the
underside of the floor framing member.
1.
Floor assemblies
located directly over a space protected by an automatic sprinkler system in
accordance with Section 2904, NFPA 13D, NFPA 13R or NFPA 13 as
referenced in Chapter 44 of this code.
2.
Floor assemblies
located directly over an underfloor space as referenced in section 408
and not intended for storage or for the installation of fuel-fired or
electric-powered heating appliances.
3.
Portions of floor
assemblies shall be permitted to be unprotected where complying with the
following:
3.1.
The aggregate area of the unprotected portions shall not
exceed 80 square feet ( 7.4 m2) per
story.
3.2.
Fireblocking in accordance with Section 302.11.1 is
installed along the perimeter of the unprotected portion to separate the
unprotected portion from the remainder of the floor
assembly.
4.
Wood floor assemblies using dimension lumber or
structural composite lumber equal to or greater than 2-inch by 10-inch ( 50.8
mm by 254 mm) nominal dimension, or other approved floor assemblies
demonstrating equivalent fire performance.
302.14
Combustible insulation clearance.
Combustible insulation shall be separated not less than 3
inches (76 mm) from recessed luminaires, fan motors and other heat-producing
devices.
302.15
Fire resistance determination for
assemblies and materials.
When this chapter requires a fire resistive assembly or
component, and there is no available evidence matching the assembly or
component to a rated assembly or component tested in accordance with ASTM E 119
or UL 263, the fire resistance rating of the assembly or component can be
evaluated by using section 721 in the "Ohio Building Code" or "Resource A,
Guidelines on Fire Ratings of Archaic Materials and Assemblies in the
International Existing Buildings Code."
SECTION 303
303.1
Habitable rooms.
Habitable rooms shall have an aggregate glazing area of not
less than 8 percent of the floor area of such rooms. Natural ventilation shall
be through windows, skylights, doors, louvers or other approved openings to the
outdoor air. Such openings shall be provided with ready access or shall
otherwise be readily controllable by the building occupants. The openable area
to the outdoors shall be not less than 4 percent of the floor area being
ventilated.
1.
The glazed areas
need not be openable where the opening is not required by Section 310 and a
whole-house mechanical ventilation system is installed in accordance with
Section 1505.
2.
The glazed areas need not be installed in rooms where
exception 1 is satisfied and artificial light is provided that is capable of
producing an average illumination of 6 footcandles (65 lux) over the area of
the room at a height of 30 inches (762 mm) above the floor
level.
3.
Use of sunroom and patio covers, as defined in Section
202, shall be permitted for natural ventilation if in excess of 40 percent of
the exterior sunroom walls are open, or are enclosed only by insect
screening.
303.2
Adjoining rooms.
For the purpose of determining light and ventilation
requirements, rooms shall be considered to be a portion of an adjoining room
where not less than one-half of the area of the common wall is open and
unobstructed and provides an opening of not less than one-tenth of the floor
area of the interior room and not less than 25 square feet ( 2.3
m2).
303.3
Bathrooms.
Bathrooms,
water closet compartments and other similar rooms shall be provided with
aggregate glazing area in windows of not less than 3 square feet ( 0.3
m2), one-half of which shall be openable.
303.4
Mechanical ventilation.
Where the air infiltration rate of a dwelling unit is 5 air
changes per hour or less where tested with a blower door at a pressure of 0.2
inch w.c. (50 Pa) in accordance with Section 1102.4.1.2 or Section
1112.2.4.2.1, the dwelling unit shall be provided with whole-house
mechanical ventilation in accordance with Section 1505.4.
303.5
Opening
location.
Outdoor intake and exhaust
openings shall be located in accordance with Sections 303.5.1 and
303.5.2.
303.5.1
Intake
openings.
Mechanical and gravity outdoor
air intake openings shall be located not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from any
hazardous or noxious contaminant, such as vents, chimneys, plumbing vents,
streets, alleys, parking lots and loading docks.
1.
The 10-foot (3048
mm) separation is not required where the intake opening is located 3 feet (914
mm) or greater below the contaminant source.
2.
Vents and chimneys
serving fuel-burning appliances shall be terminated in accordance with the
applicable provisions of Chapters 18 and 24.
3.
Clothes dryer
exhaust ducts shall be terminated in accordance with Section
1502.3.
303.5.2
Exhaust openings.
Exhaust air shall not be directed onto
walkways.
303.6
Outside opening protection.
Air exhaust and intake openings that terminate outdoors
shall be protected with corrosion-resistant screens, louvers or grilles having
an opening size of not less than¼ -inch (6 mm) and a maximum opening
size of inch½ -inch (13 mm), in any dimension. Openings shall be
protected against local weather conditions. Outdoor air, exhaust and intake
openings shall meet the provisions for exterior wall opening protectives in
accordance with this code.
303.7
Interior
stairway illumination.
Interior stairways
shall be provided with an artificial light source to illuminate the landings
and treads. The light source shall be capable of illuminating treads and
landings to levels of not less than 1 foot-candle (11 lux) as measured at the
center of treads and landings. There shall be a wall switch at each floor level
to control the light source where the stairway has six or more risers.
303.8
Exterior
stairway illumination.
Exterior stairways
shall be provided with an artificial light source located at the top landing of
the stairway. Exterior stairways providing access to a basement from the
outdoor grade level shall be provided with an artificial light source located
at the bottom landing of the stairway.
303.9
Required
glazed openings.
Required glazed openings
shall open directly onto a street or public alley, or a yard or court located
on the same lot as the building.
1.
Required glazed
openings that face into a roofed porch where the porch abuts a street, yard or
court and the longer side of the porch is not less than 65 percent unobstructed
and the ceiling height is not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).
2.
Eave projections
shall not be considered as obstructing the clear open space of a yard or
court.
3.
Required glazed openings that face into the area under
a deck, balcony, bay or floor cantilever where a clear vertical space not less
than 36 inches (914 mm) in height is provided.
303.9.1
Sunroom
additions.
Required glazed openings shall
be permitted to open into sunroom additions or patio covers that abut a street,
yard or court if in excess of 40 percent of the exterior sunroom walls are
open, or are enclosed only by insect screening, and the ceiling height of the
sunroom is not less than 7 feet (2134 mm).
303.10
Required
heating.
Where the winter design
temperature in Table 301.2(1) is below 60°F (16°C), every dwelling unit
shall be provided with heating facilities capable of maintaining a room
temperature of not less than 68°F (20°C) at a point 3 feet (914 mm)
above the floor and 2 feet (610 mm) from exterior walls in habitable rooms at
the design temperature. The installation of one or more portable space heaters
shall not be used to achieve compliance with this section.
SECTION 304
304.1
Minimum
area.
Habitable rooms shall have a floor
area of not less than 70 square feet ( 6.5
m2).
304.2
Minimum
dimensions.
Habitable rooms shall be not
less than 7 feet (2134 mm) in any horizontal dimension.
304.3
Height
effect on room area.
Portions of a room
with a sloping ceiling measuring less than 5 feet (1524 mm) or a furred ceiling
measuring less than 7 feet (2134 mm) from the finished floor to the finished
ceiling shall not be considered as contributing to the minimum required
habitable area for that room.
SECTION 305
305.1
Minimum
height.
Habitable space, hallways and
portions of basements containing these spaces shall have a ceiling height of
not less than 7 feet (2134 mm). Bathrooms, toilet rooms and laundry rooms shall
have a ceiling height of not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm).
1.
For rooms with
sloped ceilings, the required floor area of the room shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) and not less than 50 percent of the
required floor area shall have a ceiling height of not less than 7 feet (2134
mm).
2.
The ceiling height above bathroom and toilet room
fixtures shall be such that the fixture is capable of being used for its
intended purpose. A shower or tub equipped with a showerhead shall have a
ceiling height of not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) above an area of not
less than 30 inches (762 mm) by 30 inches (762 mm) at the
showerhead.
3.
Beams, girders, ducts or other obstructions in
basements containing habitable space shall be permitted to project to within 6
feet 4 inches (1931 mm) of the finished floor.
305.1.1
Basements.
P ortions of
basements that do not contain habitable space or hallways shall have a ceiling
height of not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm).
1.
At beams, girders,
ducts or other obstructions, the ceiling height shall be not less than 6 feet 4
inches (1931 mm) from the finished floor.
2.
Habitable
spaces created in existing basements shall be permitted to have ceiling heights
of not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm). Obstructions may project to within
6 feet 4 inches of the basement floor.
SECTION 306
306.1
Toilet
facilities.
Every dwelling unit shall be
provided with a water closet, lavatory, and a bathtub or
shower.
306.2
Kitchen.
Each dwelling
unit shall be provided with a kitchen area and every kitchen area shall be
provided with a sink.
306.3
Sewage disposal.
Plumbing fixtures shall be connected to a sanitary sewer or
to an approved private sewage disposal system.
306.4
Water
supply to fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures
shall be connected to an approved water supply. Kitchen sinks, lavatories,
bathtubs, showers, bidets, laundry tubs and washing machine outlets shall be
provided with hot and cold water.
SECTION 307
Click to view image
307.1
Space required.
Fixtures shall be spaced in accordance with Figure 307.1,
and in accordance with the requirements of the plumbing
code.
307.2
Bathtub and shower spaces.
Bathtub and shower floors and walls above bathtubs with
installed shower heads and in shower compartments shall be finished with a
nonabsorbent surface. Such wall surfaces shall extend to a height of not less
than 6 feet (1829 mm) above the floor.
SECTION 308
308.1
Identification.
Except as indicated in
Section 308.1.1 each pane of glazing installed in hazardous locations as
defined in Section 308.4 shall be provided with a manufacturer's designation
specifying who applied the designation, the type of glass and the safety
glazing standard with which it complies, and that is visible in the final
installation. The designation shall be acid etched, sandblasted, ceramic-
fired, laser etched, embossed, or be of a type that once applied cannot be
removed without being destroyed. A label shall be permitted in lieu of the
manufacturer's designation.
1.
For other than
tempered glass, manufacturer's designations are not required provided that the
building official approves the use of a certificate, affidavit or other
evidence confirming compliance with this code.
2.
Tempered spandrel
glass is permitted to be identified by the manufacturer with a removable paper
designation.
308.1.1
Identification of multiple assemblies.
Multi-pane assemblies having individual
panes not exceeding 1 square foot ( 0.09 m2) in
exposed area shall have not less than one pane in the assembly identified in
accordance with Section 308.1. Other panes in the assembly shall be labeled
"CPSC 16 CFR 1201 " or "ANSI Z 97.1 " as appropriate.
308.2
Louvered
windows or jalousies.
Regular, float,
wired or patterned glass in jalousies and louvered windows shall be not less
than nominal3/16 -inch (5 mm) thick and not more
than 48 inches (1219 mm) in length. Exposed glass edges shall be smooth.
308.2.1
Wired
glass prohibited.
Wired glass with wire
exposed on longitudinal edges shall not be used in jalousies or louvered
windows.
308.3
Human impact loads.
Individual glazed areas, including glass mirrors in
hazardous locations such as those indicated as defined in Section 308.4, shall
pass the test requirements of Section 308.3.1.
1.
Louvered windows
and jalousies shall comply with Section 308.2.
2.
Mirrors and other
glass panels mounted or hung on a surface that provides a continuous backing
support.
3.
Glass unit masonry complying with Section
607.
308.3.1
Impact test.
Where
required by other sections of the code, glazing shall be tested in accordance
with CPSC 16 CFR 1201. Glazing shall comply with the test criteria for Category
II unless otherwise indicated in Table 308.3.1(1).
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a.
Use is permitted
only by the exception to Section 308.3.1.
308.4
Hazardous
locations.
The locations specified in
Sections 308.4.1 through 308.4.7 shall be considered to be specific hazardous
locations for the purposes of glazing.
308.4.1
Glazing
in doors.
Glazing in fixed and operable
panels of swinging, sliding and bifold doors shall be considered to be a
hazardous location.
1.
Glazed openings of
a size through which a 3 -inch-diameter (76 mm) sphere is unable to
pass.
2.
Decorative glazing.
308.4.2
Glazing
adjacent to doors.
Glazing in an
individual fixed or operable panel adjacent to a door shall be considered to be
a hazardous location where the bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than
60 inches (1524 mm) above the floor or walking surface and it meets either of
the following conditions:
1.
Where the glazing is within 24 inches (610 mm) of
either side of the door in the plane of the door in a closed
position.
2.
Where the glazing is on a wall less than 180 degrees (
3.14 rad) from the plane of the
door in a closed position and within 24 inches (610 mm) of the hinge side of an
in-swinging door.
1.
Decorative
glazing.
2.
Where there is an intervening wall or other permanent
barrier between the door and the glazing.
3.
Where access
through the door is to a closet or storage area 3 feet (914 mm) or less in
depth. Glazing in this application shall comply with Section
308.4.3.
4.
Glazing that is adjacent to the fixed panel of patio
doors.
308.4.3
Glazing in windows.
Glazing in an individual fixed or operable panel that meets
all of the following conditions shall be considered to be a hazardous
location:
1.
The exposed area of an individual pane is larger than 9
square feet ( 0.836 m2).
2.
The bottom edge of
the glazing is less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the floor.
3.
The top edge of
the glazing is more than 36 inches (914 mm) above the floor.
4.
One or more
walking surfaces are within 36 inches (914 mm), measured horizontally and in a
straight line, of the glazing.
1.
Decorative
glazing.
2.
Where glazing is adjacent to a walking surface and a
horizontal rail is installed 34 to 38 inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking
surface. The rail shall be capable of withstanding a horizontal load of 50
pounds per linear foot (730 N/m) without contacting the glass and have a
cross-sectional height of not less than 1½ inches (38 mm). 3. Outboard
panes in insulating glass units and other multiple glazed panels where the
bottom edge of the glass is 25 feet (7620 mm) or more above grade, a roof,
walking surfaces or other horizontal [within 45 degrees ( 0.79 rad) of
horizontal] surface adjacent to the glass exterior.
308.4.4
Glazing
in guards and railings.
Glazing in guards
and railings, including structural baluster panels and nonstructural in-fill
panels, regardless of area or height above a walking surface shall be
considered to be a hazardous location.
308.4.4.1
Structural glass baluster panels.
Guards with structural glass baluster panels shall be
installed with an attached top rail or handrail. The top rail or handrail shall
be supported by not less than three glass baluster panels, or shall be
otherwise supported to remain in place should one glass baluster panel
fail.
308.4.5
Glazing
and wet surfaces.
Glazing in walls,
enclosures or fences containing or facing hot tubs, spas, whirlpools, saunas,
steam rooms, bathtubs, showers and indoor or outdoor swimming pools where the
bottom exposed edge of the glazing is less than 60 inches (1524 mm) measured
vertically above any standing or walking surface shall be considered to be a
hazardous location. This shall apply to single glazing and each pane in
multiple glazing.
308.4.6
Glazing adjacent to stairs and ramps.
Glazing where the bottom exposed edge of
the glazing is less than 36 inches (914 mm) above the plane of the adjacent
walking surface of stairways, landings between flights of stairs and ramps
shall be considered to be a hazardous location.
1.
Where glazing is
adjacent to a walking surface and a horizontal rail is installed at 34 to 38
inches (864 to 965 mm) above the walking surface.
2.
Glazing 36 inches (914 mm) or more measured
horizontally from the walking surface.
308.4.7
Glazing
adjacent to the bottom stair landing.
Glazing adjacent to the landing at the bottom of a stairway
where the glazing is less than 36 inches (914 mm) above the landing and within
a 60-inch (1524 mm) horizontal arc less than 180 degrees (
3.14 rad) from the bottom tread
nosing shall be considered to be a hazardous location.
Click to view image
308.5
Site-built fenestration products.
Site-built fenestration products
shall comply with Section 2404 of the Ohio building
code.
308.6
Skylights and sloped glazing.
Skylights and sloped glazing shall comply with the following
sections.
308.6.1
Definitions.
The following terms are defined in Chapter
2:
308.6.2
Materials.
Glazing materials shall be limited to the following:
1.
Laminated glass
with not less than a 0.015 -inch ( 0.38 mm) polyvinyl butyral interlayer for
glass panes 16 square feet ( 1.5 m2) or less in area
located such that the highest point of the glass is not more than 12 feet (3658
mm) above a walking surface; for higher or larger sizes, the interlayer
thickness shall be not less than 0.030 inch ( 0.76 mm).
2.
Fully tempered
glass.
3.
Heat-strengthened glass.
4.
Wired
glass.
5.
Approved rigid plastics.
308.6.3
Screens, general.
For
fully tempered or heat- strengthened glass, a retaining screen meeting the
requirements of Section 308.6.7 shall be installed below the glass, except for
fully tempered glass that meets either condition listed in Section
308.6.5.
308.6.4
Screens
with multiple glazing.
Where the inboard
pane is fully tempered, heat-strengthened or wired glass, a retaining screen
meeting the requirements of Section 308.6.7 shall be installed below the glass,
except for either condition listed in Section 308.6.5. Other panes in the
multiple glazing shall be of any type listed in Section
308.6.2.
308.6.5
Screens not required.
Screens shall not be required where fully tempered glass is
used as single glazing or the inboard pane in multiple glazing and either of
the following conditions are met:
1.
The glass area is 16 square feet (
1.49
m2) or less; the highest point of glass is not more
than 12 feet (3658 mm) above a walking surface; the nominal glass thickness is
not more than3/16 inch ( 4.8 mm); and (for multiple
glazing only) the other pane or panes are fully tempered, laminated or wired
glass.
2.
The glass area is greater than 16 square feet (
1.49
m2); the glass is sloped 30 degrees ( 0.52 rad) or
less from vertical; and the highest point of glass is not more than 10 feet
(3048 mm) above a walking surface.
308.6.6
Glass
in greenhouses.
Any glazing material is
permitted to be installed without screening in the sloped areas of greenhouses,
provided that the greenhouse height at the ridge does not exceed 20 feet (6096
mm) above grade.
308.6.7
Screen characteristics.
The screen and its fastenings shall be capable of supporting
twice the weight of the glazing, be firmly and substantially fastened to the
framing members, and have a mesh opening of not more than 1 inch by 1 inch (25
mm by 25 mm).
308.6.8
Curbs for skylights.
Unit skylights installed in a roof with a pitch of less than
three units vertical in 12 units horizontal (25-percent slope) shall be mounted
on a curb extending not less than 4 inches (102 mm) above the plane of the
roof, unless otherwise specified in the manufacturer's installation
instructions.
308.6.9
Testing and labeling.
Unit skylights and tubular daylighting devices shall be
tested by an approved independent laboratory, and bear a label identifying
manufacturer, performance grade rating and approved inspection agency to
indicate compliance with the requirements of AAMA/WDMA/CSA
101/I.S.2/A440.
308.6.9.1
Comparative analysis for glass-glazed unit
skylights.
1.
Structural wind load design pressures for glass-glazed
unit skylights smaller than the size tested in accordance with Section 308.6.9
shall be permitted to be higher than the design value of the tested unit
provided that such higher pressures are determined by accepted engineering
analysis. Components of the smaller unit shall be the same as those of the
tested unit. Such calculated design pressures shall be validated by an
additional test of the glass-glazed unit skylight having the highest allowable
design pressure.
2.
In accordance with WDMA I.S. 11.
SECTION
309
309.1
Floor
surface.
Garage floor surfaces shall be of
approved noncombustible material.
309.2
Carports.
Carports
shall be open on not less than two sides. Carport floor surfaces shall be of
approved noncombustible material. Carports not open on two or more sides shall
be considered to be a garage and shall comply with the provisions of this
section for garages.
309.3
Flood hazard areas.
For
buildings located in flood hazard areas as established by Table 301.2(1),
garage floors shall be one of the following:
1.
Elevated to or
above the design flood elevation as determined in accordance with Section
322.
2.
Located below the design flood elevation provided that
the floors are at or above grade on not less than one side, are used solely for
parking, building access or storage, meet the requirements of Section 322 and
are otherwise constructed in accordance with this code.
309.4
Automatic
garage door openers.
Automatic garage door
openers, if provided, shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL
325.
309.5
Fire sprinklers.
Private garages shall be protected by fire sprinklers where
the garage wall has been designed based on Table 302.1(2), Note a. Sprinklers
in garages shall be connected to an automatic sprinkler system that complies
with Section 2904. Garage sprinklers shall be residential sprinklers or
quick-response sprinklers, designed to provide a density of 0.05
gpm/ft2. Garage doors shall not be considered
obstructions with respect to sprinkler placement.
SECTION 310
310.1
Emergency escape and rescue opening required.
Every
sleeping room shall have not less than one operable
emergency escape and rescue opening. Emergency escape and rescue openings shall
open directly into a public way, or to a yard or court that opens to a public
way.
1.
One means of
egress complying with Section 311 and one emergency escape and rescue
opening.
2.
Two means of egress complying with Section
311.
310.1.1
Operational constraints and opening control devices.
Emergency escape and rescue openings shall
be operational from the inside of the room without the use of keys, tools or
special knowledge. Window opening control devices on windows serving as a
required emergency escape and rescue opening shall comply with ASTM
F2090.
310.2
Emergency escape and rescue openings.
Emergency escape and rescue openings shall
have minimum dimensions as specified in this section.
310.2.1
Minimum
opening area.
Emergency and escape rescue
openings shall have a net clear opening of not less than 5.7 square feet (
0.530 m2). The net clear opening dimensions required
by this section shall be obtained by the normal operation of the emergency
escape and rescue opening from the inside. The net clear height of the opening
shall be not less than 24 inches (610 mm) and the net clear width shall be not
less than 20 inches (508 mm).
310.2.2
Window
sill height.
Where a window is provided as
the emergency escape and rescue opening, it shall have a sill height of not
more than 44 inches (1118 mm) above the floor; where the sill height is below
grade, it shall be provided with a window well in accordance with Section
310.2.3.
310.2.3
Window wells.
The
horizontal area of the window well shall be not less than 9 square feet ( 0.9
m2), with a horizontal projection and width of not
less than 36 inches (914 mm). The area of the window well shall allow the
emergency escape and rescue opening to be fully opened.
310.2.3.1
Ladder and steps.
Window wells with a vertical depth greater than 44 inches
(1118 mm) shall be equipped with a permanently affixed ladder or steps usable
with the window in the fully open position. Ladders or steps required by this
section shall not be required to comply with Section 311.7. Ladders or rungs
shall have an inside width of not less than 12 inches (305 mm), shall project
not less than 3 inches (76 mm) from the wall and shall be spaced not more than
18 inches (457 mm) on center vertically for the full height of the window
well.
310.2.3.2
Drainage.
Window wells
shall be designed for proper drainage by connecting to the building's
foundation drainage system required by Section 405.1 or by an approved
alternative method.
310.2.4
Emergency escape and rescue openings under decks and
porches.
310.2.5
Replacement windows.
Replacement windows installed in buildings meeting the scope
of this code shall be exempt from the maximum sill height requirements of
Section 310.2.2 and the requirements of Section 310.2.1, provided that the
replacement window meets the following conditions:
1.
The replacement
window is the manufacturer's largest standard size window that will fit within
the existing frame or existing rough opening. The replacement window is of the
same operating style as the existing window or a style that provides for an
equal or greater window opening area than the existing window.
2.
The replacement
window is not part of a change of occupancy.
310.3
Emergency
escape and rescue doors.
Where a door is
provided as the required emergency escape and rescue opening, it shall be a
side-hinged door or a slider. Where the opening is below the adjacent grade, it
shall be provided with an area well.
310.3.1
Minimum
door opening size.
The minimum net clear
height opening for any door that serves as an emergency and escape rescue
opening shall be in accordance with Section 310.2.1.
310.3.2
Area
wells.
Area wells shall have a width of
not less than 36 inches (914 mm). The area well shall be sized to allow the
emergency escape and rescue door to be fully opened.
310.3.2.1
Ladder and steps.
Area
wells with a vertical depth greater than 44 inches (1118 mm) shall be equipped
with a permanently affixed ladder or steps usable with the door in the fully
open position. Ladders or steps required by this section shall not be required
to comply with Section 311.7. Ladders or rungs shall have an inside width of
not less than 12 inches (305 mm), shall project not less than 3 inches (76 mm)
from the wall and shall be spaced not more than 18 inches (457 mm) on center
vertically for the full height of the exterior stairwell.
310.3.2.2
Drainage.
Area wells
shall be designed for proper drainage by connecting to the building's
foundation drainage system required by Section 405.1 or by an approved
alternative method.
310.4
Bars,
grilles, covers and screens.
Where bars,
grilles, covers, screens or similar devices are placed over emergency escape
and rescue openings, area wells, or window wells, the minimum net clear opening
size shall comply with Sections 310.2.1 through 310.2.3, and such devices shall
be releasable or removable from the inside without the use of a key, tool,
special knowledge or force greater than that required for the normal operation
of the escape and rescue opening.
310.5
Dwelling
additions.
Where dwelling additions
contain sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and rescue opening shall be
provided in each new sleeping room.
310.6
Alterations or repairs of existing basements.
An emergency escape and rescue opening is
not required where existing basements undergo alterations or repairs.
SECTION
311
311.1
Means of
egress.
Dwellings shall be provided with a
means of egress in accordance with this section. The means of egress shall
provide a continuous and unobstructed path of vertical and horizontal egress
travel from all portions of the dwelling to the required egress door without
requiring travel through a garage. The required egress door shall open directly
into a public way or to a yard or court that opens to a public
way.
311.2
Egress door.
Not less
than one egress door shall be provided for each dwelling unit. The egress door
shall be side-hinged, and shall provide a clear width of not less than 32
inches (813 mm) where measured between the face of the door and the stop, with
the door open 90 degrees (
1.57 rad). The clear height of
the door opening shall be not less than 78 inches (1981 mm) in height measured
from the top of the threshold to the bottom of the stop. Other doors shall not
be required to comply with these minimum dimensions. Egress doors shall be
readily openable from inside the dwelling without the use of a key or special
knowledge or effort.
311.2.1
Garage access doors.
Garages shall be served
by at least one side-hinged door not less than 2 feet 6 inches (760 mm) in
width and 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) in height. Such door located between a
dwelling and an attached garage shall be acceptable for meeting this
requirement.
311.3
Floors
and landings at exterior doors.
There
shall be a landing or floor on each side of each exterior door. The width of
each landing shall be not less than the door served. Landings shall have a
dimension of not less than 36 inches (914 mm) measured in the direction of
travel. The slope at exterior landings shall not exceed ¼ unit vertical
in 12 units horizontal (2 percent).
311.3.1
Floor
elevations at the required egress doors.
Landings or finished floors at the required egress door
shall be not more than 1½ inches (38 mm) lower than the top of the
threshold.
311.3.2
Floor
elevations at other exterior doors.
Doors
other than the required egress door shall be provided with landings or floors
not more than 8
¼
-inches (209 mm) below
the top of the threshold.
311.3.3
Storm
and screen doors.
Storm and screen doors
shall be permitted to swing over exterior stairs and landings.
311.4
Vertical egress.
Egress
from habitable levels including habitable attics and basements that are not
provided with an egress door in accordance with Section 311.2 shall be by a
ramp in accordance with Section 311.8 or a stairway in accordance with Section
311.7.
311.5
Landing, deck, balcony and stair construction and
attachment.
Exterior landings, decks,
balconies, stairs and similar facilities shall be positively anchored to the
primary structure to resist both vertical and lateral forces or shall be
designed to be self-supporting. Attachment shall not be accomplished by use of
toenails or nails subject to withdrawal.
311.6
Hallways.
The width of a hallway shall be not less
than 3 feet (914 mm).
311.7
Stairways.
311.7.1
Width.
Stairways shall be not less than 36 inches
(914 mm) in clear width at all points above the permitted handrail height and
below the required headroom height. The clear width of stairways at and below
the handrail height, including treads and landings, shall be not less than
31½ inches (787 mm) where a handrail is installed on one side and 27
inches (698 mm) where handrails are installed on both sides.
311.7.2
Headroom.
The headroom
in stairways shall be not less than 6 feet 8 inches (2032 mm) measured
vertically from the sloped line adjoining the tread nosing or from the floor
surface of the landing or platform on that portion of the stairway.
1.
Where the nosings
of treads at the side of a flight extend under the edge of a floor opening
through which the stair passes, the floor opening shall not project
horizontally into the required headroom more than 4¾ inches (121
mm).
2.
The headroom for spiral stairways shall be in
accordance with Section 311.7.10.1.
311.7.3
Vertical rise.
A flight
of stairs shall not have a vertical rise larger than
148
½
-
inches (3772 mm)
between floor levels or landings.
311.7.4
Walkline.
The walkline
across winder treads and landings shall be concentric to the turn and parallel
to the direction of travel entering and exiting the turn. The walkline shall be
located 12 inches (305 mm) from the inside of the turn. The 12-inch (305 mm)
dimension shall be measured from the widest point of the clear stair width at
the walking surface. Where winders are adjacent within a flight, the point of
the widest clear stair width of the adjacent winders shall be
used.
311.7.5
Stair treads and risers.
Stair treads and risers shall meet the requirements of this
section. For the purposes of this section, dimensions and dimensioned surfaces
shall be exclusive of carpets, rugs or runners.
311.7.5.1
Risers.
The riser
height shall be not more than 8
¼
-inches
(209 mm). The riser shall be measured vertically between
leading edges of the adjacent treads. The greatest riser height within any
flight of stairs shall not exceed the smallest by more
than3/8 inch ( 9.5 mm). Risers shall be vertical or
sloped from the underside of the nosing of the tread above at an angle not more
than 30 degrees ( 0.51 rad) from the vertical. At open risers, openings located
more than 30 inches (762 mm), as measured vertically, to the floor or grade
below shall not permit the passage of a 4-inch-diameter (102 mm) sphere.
1.
The opening
between adjacent treads is not limited on spiral stairways.
2.
The riser height
of spiral stairways shall be in accordance with Section
311.7.10.1.
311.7.5.2
Treads.
The tread depth
shall be not less than 9 -inches (229 mm).
The tread depth shall be measured horizontally between the vertical planes of
the foremost projection of adjacent treads and at a right angle to the tread's
leading edge. The greatest tread depth within any flight of stairs shall not
exceed the smallest by more than3/8 inch ( 9.5
mm).
311.7.5.2.1
Winder
treads.
Winder treads shall have a tread
depth of not less than 9 -inches (229 mm)
measured between the vertical planes of the foremost projection of adjacent
treads at the intersections with the walkline. Winder treads shall have a tread
depth of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) at any point within the clear width of
the stair. Within any flight of stairs, the largest winder tread depth at the
walkline shall not exceed the smallest winder tread by more
than3/8 inch ( 9.5 mm). Consistently shaped winders
at the walkline shall be allowed within the same flight of stairs as
rectangular treads and shall not be required to be
within3/8 inch ( 9.5 mm) of the rectangular tread
depth.
311.7.5.3
Nosings.
Nosings at
treads, landings and floors of stairways shall have a radius of curvature at
the nosing not greater than9/16 inch (14 mm) or a
bevel not greater than½ inch ( 12.7 mm). A nosing projection not less
than¾ inch (19 mm) and not more than 1¼ inches (32 mm) shall be
provided on stairways. The greatest nosing projection shall not exceed the
smallest nosing projection by more than3/8 -inch (
9.5 mm) within a stairway.
311.7.5.4
Exterior plastic composite stair treads.
Plastic composite exterior stair treads shall comply with
the provisions of this section and Section 507.2.2.
311.7.6
Landings for stairways.
There shall be a floor or landing at the top and bottom of
each stairway. The width perpendicular to the direction of travel shall be not
less than the width of the flight served. For landings of shapes other than
square or rectangular, the depth at the walk line and the total area shall be
not less than that of a quarter circle with a radius equal to the required
landing width. Where the stairway has a straight run, the depth in the
direction of travel shall be not less than 36 inches (914 mm).
311.7.7
Stairway walking surface.
The walking surface of treads and landings of stairways
shall be sloped not steeper than one unit vertical in 48 inches horizontal
(2-percent slope).
311.7.8
Handrails.
Handrails shall be provided on not less than one side of
each flight of stairs with four or more risers.
311.7.8.1
Height.
Handrail
height, measured vertically from the sloped plane adjoining the tread nosing,
or finish surface of ramp slope, shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and
not more than 38 inches (965 mm)
1.
The use of a
volute, turnout or starting easing shall be allowed over the lowest
tread.
2.
Where handrail fittings or bendings are used to provide
continuous transition between flights, transitions at winder treads, the
transition from handrail to guard, or used at the start of a flight, the
handrail height at the fittings or bendings shall be permitted to exceed 38
inches (956 mm).
311.7.8.2
Handrail projection.
Handrails shall not project more than 4½ inches (114
mm) on either side of the stairway.
311.7.8.3
Handrail clearance.
Handrails adjacent to a wall shall have a space of not less
than 1½ inches (38 mm) between the wall and the
handrails.
311.7.8.4
Continuity.
Handrails shall be continuous for the full length of the
flight, from a point directly above the top riser of the flight to a point
directly above the lowest riser of the flight. Handrail ends shall be returned
or shall terminate in newel posts or safety terminals.
1.
Handrail
continuity shall be permitted to be interrupted by a newel post at a turn in a
flight with winders, at a landing, or over the lowest tread.
2.
A volute, turnout
or starting easing shall be allowed to terminate over the lowest
tread.
3.
Two or more separate rails shall be considered continuous if
the termination of the rails occurs over a single tread and positioned within 4
inches of each other. If the transition occurs between a wall mounted handrail
and handrail/guardrail combination, the wall mounted handrail shall return into
the wall.
311.7.8.5
Grip
size.
Required handrails shall be of one
of the following types or provide equivalent graspability.
1.
Type I.
Handrails with a circular cross section
shall have an outside diameter of not less than 1¼ inches (32 mm) and
not greater than 2 inches (51 mm). If the handrail is not circular, it shall
have a perimeter of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) and not greater than
6¼ inches (160 mm) and a cross section of not more than 2¼ inches
(57 mm). Edges shall have a radius of not less than 0.01 inch ( 0.25
mm).
2.
Type II.
Handrails with
a perimeter greater than 6¼ -inches (160 mm) shall have a graspable
finger recess area on both sides of the profile. The finger recess shall begin
within¾ -inch (19 mm) measured vertically from the tallest portion of
the profile and have a depth of not less than5/16
-inch (8 mm) within7/8 -inch (22 mm) below the
widest portion of the profile. This required depth shall continue for not less
than3/8 -inch (10 mm) to a level that is not less
than 1¾ -inches (45 mm) below the tallest portion of the profile. The
width of the handrail above the recess shall be not less than 1¼ -inches
(32 mm) and not more than 2¾ -inches (70 mm). Edges shall have a radius
of not less than 0.01 inch ( 0.25 mm).
311.7.8.6
Exterior plastic composite handrails.
Plastic composite exterior handrails shall comply with the
requirements of Section 507.2.2.
311.7.9
Illumination.
Stairways
shall be provided with illumination in accordance with Sections 303.7 and
303.8.
311.7.10
Special stairways.
Spiral stairways and bulkhead enclosure stairways shall
comply with the requirements of Section 311.7 except as specified in Sections
311.7.10.1 and 311.7.10.2.
311.7.10.1
Spiral stairways.
The clear width at and below the handrails at spiral
stairways shall be not less than 26 inches (660 mm) and the walkline radius
shall be not greater than 24½ inches (622 mm). Each tread shall have a
depth of no less than 6¾ inches (171 mm) at the walkline. Treads shall
be identical, and the rise shall be not more than 9½ inches (241 mm).
Headroom shall be not less than 6 feet 6 inches (1982 mm).
311.7.10.2
Bulkhead enclosure stairways.
Stairways serving bulkhead enclosures, not part of the
required building egress, providing access from the outside grade level to the
basement shall be exempt from the requirements of Sections 311.3 and 311.7
where the height from the basement finished floor level to grade adjacent to
the stairway is not more than 8 feet (2438 mm) and the grade level opening to
the stairway is covered by a bulkhead enclosure with hinged doors or other
approved means.
311.7.11
Alternating tread devices.
Alternating
tread devices shall not be used as an element of a means of egress. Alternating
tread devices shall be permitted provided that a required means of egress
stairway or ramp serves the same space at each adjoining level or where a means
of egress is not required. The clear width at and below the handrails shall be
not less than 20 inches (508 mm).
311.7.11.1
Treads of alternating tread devices.
Alternating tread devices shall have a tread depth of not
less than 5 inches (127 mm), a projected tread depth of not less than 8½
inches (216 mm), a tread width of not less than 7 inches (178 mm) and a riser
height of not more than 9½ inches (241 mm). The tread depth shall be
measured horizontally between the vertical planes of the foremost projections
of adjacent treads. The riser height shall be measured vertically between the
leading edges of adjacent treads. The riser height and tread depth provided
shall result in an angle of ascent from the horizontal of between 50 and 70
degrees ( 0.87 and 1.22 rad). The initial tread of
the device shall begin at the same elevation as the platform, landing or floor
surface.
311.7.11.2
Handrails of alternating tread devices.
Handrails shall be provided on both sides
of alternating tread devices and shall comply with Sections 311.7.8.2 to
311.7.8.6. Handrail height shall be uniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm)
and not more than 34 inches (864 mm).
311.7.12
Ships
ladders.
Ships ladders shall not be used
as an element of a means of egress. Ships ladders shall be permitted provided
that a required means of egress stairway or ramp serves the same space at each
adjoining level or where a means of egress is not required. The clear width at
and below the handrails shall be not less than 20 inches (508 mm).
311.7.12.1
Treads of ships ladders.
Treads shall have a depth of not less than 5 inches (127
mm). The tread shall be projected such that the total of the tread depth plus
the nosing projection is not less than 8½ inches (216 mm). The riser
height shall be not more than 9½ inches (241 mm).
311.7.12.2
Handrails of ships ladders.
Handrails shall be provided on both sides of ships ladders
and shall comply with Sections 311.7.8.2 to 311.7.8.6. Handrail height shall be
uniform, not less than 30 inches (762 mm) and not more than 34 inches (864
mm).
311.8
Ramps.
311.8.1
Maximum
slope.
Ramps serving the egress door
required by Section 311.2 shall have a slope of not more than 1 unit vertical
in 8 units horizontal (12.5-percent
slope).
311.8.2
Landings required.
There shall be a floor or landing at the top and bottom of
each ramp, where doors open onto ramps, and where ramps change directions. The
width of the landing perpendicular to the ramp slope shall be not less than 36
inches (914 mm).
311.8.3
Handrails required.
Handrails shall be provided on not less than one side of
ramps exceeding a slope of one unit vertical in 12 units horizontal ( 8.33
-percent slope).
311.8.3.1
Height.
Handrail
height, measured above the finished surface of the ramp slope, shall be not
less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches (965
mm).
311.8.3.2
Grip size.
Handrails on
ramps shall comply with Section 311.7.8.5.
311.8.3.3
Continuity.
Handrails
where required on ramps shall be continuous for the full length of ramp.
Handrail ends shall return or shall terminate in newel posts or safety
terminals. Handrails adjacent to a wall shall have a space of not less than
1½ -inches (38 mm) between the wall and the handrails.
SECTION 312
312.1
Guards.
Guards shall be provided in accordance with Sections 312.1.1
through 312.1.4.
312.1.1
Where required.
Guards
shall be provided for those portions of open-sided walking surfaces, including
stairs, ramps and landings, that are located more than 30 inches (762 mm)
measured vertically to the floor or grade below at any point within 36 inches
(914 mm) horizontally to the edge of the open side. Insect screening shall not
be considered as a guard.
312.1.2
Height.
Required guards at open-sided
walking surfaces, including stairs, porches, balconies or landings, shall be
not less than 36 inches (914 mm) in height as measured vertically above the
adjacent walking surface or the line connecting the nosings.
1.
Guards on the open
sides of stairs shall have a height of not less than 34 inches (864 mm)
measured vertically from a line connecting the nosings.
2.
Where the top of
the guard serves as a handrail on the open sides of stairs, the top of the
guard shall be not less than 34 inches (864 mm) and not more than 38 inches
(965 mm) as measured vertically from a line connecting the
nosings.
312.1.3
Opening limitations.
Required guards shall not have openings from the walking
surface to the required guard height that allow passage of a sphere 4 inches
(102 mm) in diameter.
1.
The triangular
openings at the open side of stair, formed by the riser, tread and bottom rail
of a guard, shall not allow passage of a sphere 6 inches (153 mm) in
diameter.
2.
Guards on the open side of stairs shall not have
openings that allow passage of a sphere 43/8 -inches
(111 mm) in diameter.
312.1.4
Exterior plastic composite guards.
Plastic composite exterior guards shall comply with the
requirements of Section 317.4.
312.2
Window
fall protection.
When provided,
window
fall protection shall be in
accordance with Sections 312.2.1 and 312.2.2.
312.2.1
Window fall prevention devices.
Window fall prevention
devices and window guards, where provided, shall comply with the requirements
of ASTMF 2090.
312.2.2
Window opening limiting devices.
Where provided, window
opening limiting devices shall comply with the provisions of this
section.
312.2.2.1
General requirements.
Window opening limiting
devices shall be self-acting and shall be positioned to prohibit the free
passage of a 4-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere through the window opening
when the window opening limiting device is installed in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
312.2.2.2
Operation for emergency escape.
Window opening limiting
devices shall be designed with release mechanisms to allow for emergency escape
through the window opening without the need for keys, tools or special
knowledge. Window opening limiting devices shall comply with all of the
following:
1.
Release of the window opening-limiting device shall require
no more than 15 pounds (66 N) of force.
2.
The window
opening limiting device release mechanism shall operate properly in all types
of weather.
3.
Window opening limiting devices shall have
their release mechanisms clearly identified for proper use in an
emergency.
4.
The window opening limiting device shall not
reduce the minimum net clear opening area of the window unit below what is
required by Section 310.1.1 of the code.
SECTION 313
313.1
Dwelling unit automatic fire sprinkler
systems.
An automatic residential fire
sprinkler system is not required to be installed in
buildings with four or more dwelling units or other Group R occupancies
permitted to use this code.
313.1.1
Design
and installation for non-required
systems
. When a
non-required automatic
residential fire
sprinkler system is intended to be installed within a building with
four or more dwelling units or a dwelling in another R-3 occupancy using this
code, the system shall be designed and installed in accordance with
Section 2904, NFPA 13, NFPA 13R or NFPA 13D as
referenced in Chapter 44 of this code.
313.2
One-,
two- and three-family dwellings automatic fire systems.
An automatic residential fire sprinkler
system is not required to be installed in one-, two-,
or three-family dwellings.
313.2.1
Design
and installation for non-required systems.
When an automatic residential fire sprinkler system
is intended to be installed, it shall be designed and installed in
accordance with Section 2904, NFPA 13, NFPA 13R or NFPA 13D
as referenced in Chapter 44 of this code.
313.3
Design and installation of non-required fire sprinkler
systems.
Any full or
partial fire sprinkler system not required by this code shall be permitted to
be installed for partial or complete protection provided that such system meets
the requirements of this code to the extent of the intended
installation.
SECTION
314
314.1
General.
Smoke alarms shall comply with the
household fire warning equipment provisions of NFPA 72 and Section
314.
314.1.1
Listings.
Smoke alarms
shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL 217.
Combination smoke and carbon monoxide alarms shall be listed and
labeled in accordance with UL 217 and UL 2034.
314.1.2
Technologies.
On each level within each
dwelling unit smoke alarms utilizing photoelectric and ionization technologies
shall be installed. Separate or dual-sensing smoke alarms may be used. A smoke
alarm located in accordance with section 314.3(2) shall include photoelectric
technology.
314.2
Where
required.
Smoke alarms shall be provided
in accordance with this section.
314.2.1
New
construction.
Smoke alarms shall be
provided in dwelling units
in the
locations described in Section 314.3.
314.2.2
Alterations, repairs and additions.
Where alterations, repairs or additions requiring an
approval occur, smoke alarms shall be installed, as required
for new construction, as follows:
1.
When
alterations or repairs are made to spaces described in items 1 and 2 of Section
314.3, smoke alarms shall be provided in those areas.
2.
When one
or more sleeping rooms are added to or created in existing dwelling units, the
new sleeping rooms and the immediate vicinity outside each sleeping room shall
be equipped with smoke alarms.
1.
Work involving the
exterior surfaces of dwellings, such as the replacement of roofing or siding,
the addition or replacement of windows or doors, or the addition of a porch or
deck.
2.
Installation, alteration or repairs of plumbing or
mechanical systems.
314.3
Location.
Smoke alarms shall be installed in the
following locations:
1.
In each sleeping room.
2.
Outside each
separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the sleeping
rooms.
3.
On each additional story of the dwelling, including
basements and habitable attics and not including crawl spaces and uninhabitable
attics. In dwellings or dwelling units with split levels and without an
intervening door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the
upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower level provided that the lower
level is less than one full story below the upper level.
4.
Smoke alarms shall
be installed not less than 3 feet (914 mm) horizontally from the door or
opening of a bathroom that contains a bathtub or shower unless this would
prevent placement of a smoke alarm required by this section.
314.3.1
Installation near cooking appliances.
Smoke alarms shall not be installed in the following
locations unless this would prevent placement of a smoke alarm in a location
required by Section 314.3.
1.
Ionization smoke alarms shall not be installed less
than 20 feet (6096 mm) horizontally from a permanently installed cooking
appliance.
2.
Ionization smoke alarms with an alarm-silencing switch
shall not be installed less than 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally from a
permanently installed cooking appliance.
3.
Photoelectric
smoke alarms shall not be installed less than 6 feet (1828 mm) horizontally
from a permanently installed cooking appliance.
314.4
Interconnection.
Where
more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual
dwelling unit in accordance with Section 314.3, the alarm devices shall be
interconnected in such a manner that the actuation of one alarm will activate
all of the alarms in the individual dwelling unit. Physical interconnection of
smoke alarms shall not be required where listed and labeled
wireless alarms are installed and all alarms sound upon activation of
one alarm.
314.5
Combination alarms.
Combination smoke and carbon monoxide alarms shall be
permitted to be used in lieu of smoke alarms.
314.6
Power
source.
Smoke alarms shall receive their
primary power from the building wiring where such wiring is served from a
commercial source and, where primary power is interrupted, shall receive power
from a battery. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch
other than those required for overcurrent protection.
1.
Smoke alarms shall
be permitted to be battery operated where installed in buildings without
commercial power.
2.
Hard-wiring of smoke alarms in existing areas
shall not be required where the alterations or repairs do not result in the
removal of interior wall or ceiling finishes exposing the structure, unless
there is an attic, crawl space or basement available which could provide access
for hard wiring without the removal of interior
finishes.
314.7
Fire
alarm systems.
Fire alarm systems shall be
permitted to be used in lieu of smoke alarms and shall comply with Sections
314.7.1 through 314.7.4.
314.7.1
General.
Fire alarm systems shall comply with the provisions of this
code and the household fire warning equipment provisions of NFPA 72. Smoke
detectors shall be listed in accordance with UL 268.
314.7.2
Location.
Smoke
detectors shall be installed in the locations specified in Section
314.3.
314.7.3
Permanent fixture.
Where a household fire alarm system is installed, it shall
become a permanent fixture of the occupancy, owned by the homeowner.
314.7.4
Combination detectors.
Combination smoke and carbon monoxide detectors shall be
permitted to be installed in fire alarm systems in lieu of smoke detectors,
provided that they are listed in accordance with UL 268 and UL 2075.
SECTION 315
315.1
General.
Carbon
monoxide alarms shall comply with Section 315.
315.1.1
Listings.
Carbon
monoxide alarms shall be listed and labeled in accordance with
UL 2034 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions. Combination carbon monoxide and smoke alarms shall be
listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2034 and UL
217.
315.2
When
required.
Carbon
monoxide alarms shall be provided in accordance with Sections 315.2.1 and
315.2.2.
315.2.1
New construction.
For
new construction, carbon monoxide alarms shall be provided in dwelling units
where either or both of the following conditions exist.
1.
The dwelling unit
contains a fuel-fired appliance.
2.
The dwelling unit
has an attached garage
315.2.2
Alterations, repairs and additions.
In existing dwelling units, having
fuel-fired appliances or an attached garage, where an application for approval
is required for work involving any of the following areas or systems within
that dwelling unit
, the individual
dwelling unit shall be equipped with carbon monoxide alarms located as required
for new dwellings:
1.
The addition or creation of a new sleeping
room
2.
An alteration of a sleeping room
3.
An
alteration in the immediate vicinity outside of a sleeping
room;
4.
An addition of, or an alteration to, an
attached garage;
5.
An addition, alteration, repair or replacement
of a fuel-fired appliance.
315.3
Location.
Carbon monoxide alarms in dwelling units
shall be installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate
vicinity of the bedrooms. Where a fuel-burning appliance is located within a
bedroom or its attached bathroom, a carbon monoxide alarm shall be installed
within the bedroom.
315.4
Combination alarms.
Combination carbon monoxide and smoke alarms shall be
permitted to be used in lieu of carbon monoxide alarms.
315.5
Interconnectivity.
Deleted
315.6
Power
source.
Deleted
315.7
Carbon
monoxide detection systems.
Carbon
monoxide detection systems shall be permitted to be used in lieu of carbon
monoxide alarms and shall comply with Sections 315.7.1 through 315.7.4.
315.7.1
General.
Household
carbon monoxide detection systems shall comply with NFPA 720. Carbon monoxide
detectors shall be listed and labeled in accordance with UL
2075.
315.7.2
Location.
Carbon
monoxide detectors shall be installed in the locations specified in Section
315.3. These locations supersede the locations specified in NFPA
720.
315.7.3
Permanent fixture.
Where a household carbon monoxide detection system is
installed, it shall become a permanent fixture of the occupancy and owned by
the homeowner.
315.7.4
Combination detectors.
Combination carbon monoxide and smoke detectors installed in
carbon monoxide detection systems in lieu of carbon monoxide detectors shall be
listed and labeled in accordance with UL 2075 and UL
268.
SECTION
316
316.1
General.
The provisions of this section shall
govern the materials, design, application, construction and installation of
foam plastic materials.
316.2
Labeling and identification.
Packages and containers of foam plastic insulation and foam
plastic insulation components delivered to the job site shall bear the label of
an approved agency showing the manufacturer's name, the product listing,
product identification and information sufficient to determine that the end use
will comply with the requirements.
316.3
Surface
burning characteristics.
Unless otherwise
allowed in Section 316.5, foam plastic, or foam plastic cores used as a
component in manufactured assemblies, used in building construction shall have
a flame spread index of not more than 75 and shall have a smoke-developed index
of not more than 450 when tested in the maximum thickness and density intended
for use in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723. Loose-fill-type foam plastic
insulation shall be tested as board stock for the flame spread index and smoke-
developed index.
316.4
Thermal
barrier.
Unless otherwise allowed in
Section 316.5, foam plastic shall be separated from the interior of a building
by an approved thermal barrier of not less than½ -inch ( 12.7 mm) gypsum
wallboard,23/32 -inch ( 18.2 mm) wood structural
panel or a material that is tested in accordance with and meets the acceptance
criteria of both the Temperature Transmission Fire Test and the Integrity Fire
Test of NFPA 275.
316.5
Specific requirements.
The following requirements shall apply to these uses of foam
plastic unless specifically approved in accordance with Section 316.6 or by
other sections of the code or the requirements of Sections 316.2 through 316.4
have been met.
316.5.1
Masonry or concrete construction.
The thermal barrier specified in Section 316.4 is not
required in a masonry or concrete wall, floor or roof where the foam plastic
insulation is separated from the interior of the building by not less than a
1-inch (25 mm) thickness of masonry or concrete.
316.5.2
Roofing.
The thermal
barrier specified in Section 316.4 is not required where the foam plastic in a
roof assembly or under a roof covering is installed in accordance with the code
and the manufacturer's instructions and is separated from the interior of the
building by tongue-and-groove wood planks or wood structural panel sheathing,
in accordance with Section 803, that is not less than
15/32 inch ( 11.9 mm) thick bonded with exterior
glue, identified as Exposure 1 and with edges supported by blocking or
tongue-and-groove joints or an equivalent material. The smoke-developed index
for roof applications shall not be limited.
316.5.3
Attics.
The thermal barrier specified in Section
316.4 is not required where all of the following apply:
1.
Attic access is
required by Section 807.1.
2.
The space is entered only for purposes of repairs or
maintenance.
3.
The foam plastic insulation has been tested in
accordance with Section 316.6 or the foam plastic insulation is protected
against ignition using one of the following ignition barrier materials:
3.1.
1½
-inch-thick (38 mm) mineral fiber insulation.
3.2.
¼
-inch-thick ( 6.4 mm) wood structural panels.
3.3.
3/8 -inch ( 9.5 mm)
particleboard
3.4.
¼ -inch ( 6.4 mm) hardboard.
3.5.
3/8 -inch ( 9.5 mm) gypsum
board.
3.6.
Corrosion-resistant steel having a base metal thickness
of 0.016 inch ( 0.406 mm).
3.7.
1½
-inch-thick (38 mm) cellulose insulation.
3.8.
¼ -inch (
6.4 mm) fiber-cement panel, soffit or backer board.
316.5.4
Crawl
spaces.
The thermal barrier specified in
Section 316.4 is not required where all of the following apply:
1.
Crawl space access
is required by Section 408.4.
2.
Entry is made only
for purposes of repairs or maintenance.
3.
The foam plastic
insulation has been tested in accordance with Section 316.6 or the foam plastic
insulation is protected against ignition using one of the following ignition
barrier materials:
3.1.
1½ -inch-thick (38 mm) mineral fiber
insulation.
3.2.
¼ -inch-thick ( 6.4 mm) wood structural
panels.
3.3.
3/8 -inch ( 9.5 mm)
particleboard.
3.4.
¼ -inch ( 6.4 mm) hardboard.
3.5.
3/8 -inch ( 9.5 mm) gypsum
board.
3.6.
Corrosion-resistant steel having a base metal thickness
of 0.016 inch ( 0.406 mm).
3.7.
¼ -inch (
6.4 mm) fiber-cement panel, soffit or backer board.
316.5.5
Foam-filled exterior doors.
Foam-filled exterior doors are exempt from the requirements
of Sections 316.3 and 316.4.
316.5.6
Foam-filled garage doors.
Foam-filled garage doors in attached or detached garages are
exempt from the requirements of Sections 316.3 and 316.4.
316.5.7
Foam
backer board.
The thermal barrier
specified in Section 316.4 is not required where siding backer board foam
plastic insulation has a thickness of not more than 0.5 inch ( 12.7 mm) and a
potential heat of not more than 2000 Btu per square foot (22 720 kJ/m2) when
tested in accordance with NFPA 259 and it complies with one or more of the
following:
1.
The foam plastic insulation is separated from the interior
of the building by not less than 2 inches (51 mm) of mineral fiber
insulation.
2.
The foam plastic insulation is installed over existing
exterior wall finish in conjunction with re-siding.
3.
The foam plastic
insulation has been tested in accordance with Section 316.6.
316.5.8
Re-siding.
The thermal
barrier specified in Section 316.4 is not required where the foam plastic
insulation is installed over existing exterior wall finish in conjunction with
re-siding provided that the foam plastic has a thickness of not more than 0.5
inch ( 12.7 mm) and a potential heat of not more than 2000 Btu per square foot
(22 720 kJ/m2) when tested in accordance with NFPA 259.
316.5.9
Interior trim.
The
thermal barrier specified in Section 316.4 is not required for exposed foam
plastic interior trim, provided that all of the following are met:
1.
The density is not
less than 20 pounds per cubic foot (320
kg/m3).
2.
The thickness of
the trim is not more than 0.5 inch ( 12.7 mm) and the width is not more than 8
inches (204 mm).
3.
The interior trim shall not constitute more than 10
percent of the aggregate wall and ceiling area of any room or
space.
4.
The flame spread index does not exceed 75 when tested
in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723. The smoke-developed index is not
limited.
316.5.10
Interior finish.
Foam plastics used as interior finishes shall comply with
Section 316.6 and shall meet the flame spread index and smoke-developed index
requirements of Sections 302.9.1 and 302.9.2.
316.5.11
Sill
plates and headers.
Foam plastic be spray
applied to sill plates and headers or installed in the perimeter joist space
without the thermal barrier specified in Section 316.4 shall comply with all of
the following:
1.
The thickness of the foam plastic shall be not more
than 3¼ inches (83mm).
2.
The density of the
foam plastic shall be in the range of 0.5 to 2.0 pounds per cubic foot (8 to 32
kg/m3).
3.
The foam plastic
shall have a flame spread index of 25 or less and an accompanying
smoke-developed index of 450 or less when tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or
UL 723.
316.5.12
Sheathing.
Foam plastic insulation used as sheathing shall comply with
Section 316.3 and Section 316.4. Where the foam plastic sheathing is exposed to
the attic space at a gable or kneewall, the provisions of Section 316.5.3 shall
apply. Where foam plastic insulation is used as exterior wall sheathing on
framed wall assemblies, it shall comply with Section 316.8.
316.5.13
Floors.
The thermal
barrier specified in Section 316.4 is not required to be installed on the
walking surface of a structural floor system that contains foam plastic
insulation where the foam plastic is covered by not more than a nominal½
-inch-thick ( 12.7 mm) wood structural panel or equivalent. The thermal barrier
specified in Section 316.4 is required on the underside of the structural floor
system that contains foam plastic insulation where the underside of the
structural floor system is exposed to the interior of the
building.
316.6
Specific approval.
Foam plastic not meeting the requirements of Sections 316.3
through 316.5 shall be specifically approved on the basis of one of the
following approved tests: NFPA 286 with the acceptance criteria of Section
302.9.4, FM 4880, UL 1040 or UL 1715, or fire tests related to actual end-use
configurations. Approval shall be based on the actual end-use configuration and
shall be performed on the finished foam plastic assembly in the maximum
thickness intended for use. Assemblies tested shall include seams, joints and
other typical details used in the installation of the assembly and shall be
tested in the manner intended for use.
316.7
Termite
damage.
The use of foam plastics in areas
of "very heavy" termite infestation probability shall be in accordance with
Section 318.4.
316.8
Wind resistance.
Foam plastic insulation complying with ASTM C578 and ASTM
C1289 and used as exterior wall sheathing on framed wall assemblies shall
comply with SBCA FS 100 for wind pressure resistance unless installed directly
over a sheathing material that is separately capable of resisting the wind load
or otherwise exempted from the scope of SBCA FS 100.
SECTION 317
317.1
Location
required.
Protection of wood and
wood-based products from decay shall be provided in the following locations by
the use of naturally durable wood or wood that is preservative-treated in
accordance with AWPA U1.
1.
Wood joists or the bottom of a wood structural floor
where closer than 18 inches (457 mm) or wood girders where closer than 12
inches (305 mm) to the exposed ground in crawl spaces or unexcavated area
located within the periphery of the building foundation.
2.
Wood framing
members that rest on concrete or masonry exterior foundation walls and are less
than 8 inches (203 mm) from the exposed ground.
3.
Sills and sleepers
on a concrete or masonry slab that is in direct contact with the ground unless
separated from such slab by an impervious moisture barrier.
4.
The ends of wood
girders entering exterior masonry or concrete walls having clearances of less
than½ inch ( 12.7 mm) on tops, sides and ends.
5.
Wood siding,
sheathing and wall framing on the exterior of a building having a clearance of
less than 6 inches (152 mm) from the ground or less than 2 inches (51 mm)
measured vertically from concrete steps, porch slabs, patio slabs and similar
horizontal surfaces exposed to the weather.
6.
Wood structural
members supporting moisture-permeable floors or roofs that are exposed to the
weather, such as concrete or masonry slabs, unless separated from such floors
or roofs by an impervious moisture barrier.
7.
Wood furring
strips or other wood framing members attached directly to the interior of
exterior masonry walls or concrete walls below grade except where an approved
vapor retarder is applied between the wall and the furring strips or framing
members.
317.1.1
Field treatment.
Deleted
317.1.2
Ground
contact.
All wood in contact with the
ground, embedded in concrete in direct contact with the ground or embedded in
concrete exposed to the weather that supports permanent structures intended for
human occupancy shall be approved pressure-preservative-treated wood suitable
for ground contact use, except that untreated wood used entirely below
groundwater level or continuously submerged in fresh water shall not be
required to be pressure-preservative treated.
317.1.3
Geographical areas.
In
geographical areas where experience has demonstrated a specific need, approved
naturally durable or pressure-preservative-treated wood shall be used for those
portions of wood members that form the structural supports of buildings,
balconies, porches or similar permanent building appurtenances where those
members are exposed to the weather without adequate protection from a roof,
eave, overhang or other covering that would prevent moisture or water
accumulation on the surface or at joints between members. Depending on local
experience, such members typically include:
1.
Horizontal members
such as girders, joists and decking.
2.
Vertical members
such as posts, poles and columns.
3.
Both horizontal
and vertical members.
317.1.4
Wood
columns.
Wood columns shall be approved
wood of natural decay resistance or approved pressure-preservative-treated
wood.
1.
Columns exposed to
the weather or in basements where supported by concrete piers or metal
pedestals projecting 1 inch (25 mm) above a concrete floor or 6 inches (152 mm)
above exposed earth and the earth is covered by an approved impervious moisture
barrier.
2.
Columns in enclosed crawl spaces or unexcavated areas
located within the periphery of the building where supported by a concrete pier
or metal pedestal at a height more than 8 inches (203 mm) from exposed earth
and the earth is covered by an impervious moisture barrier.
3.
Deck posts
supported by concrete piers or metal pedestals projecting not less than 1 inch
(25 mm) above a concrete floor or 6 inches (152 mm) above exposed
earth.
317.1.5
Exposed glued-laminated timbers.
The portions of glued-laminated timbers
that form the structural supports of a building or other structure and are
exposed to weather and not properly protected by a roof, eave or similar
covering shall be pressure treated with preservative, or be manufactured from
naturally durable or preservative-treated wood.
317.2
Quality
mark.
Lumber and plywood required to be
pressure-preservative treated in accordance with Section 318.1 shall bear the
quality mark of an approved inspection agency that maintains continuing
supervision, testing and inspection over the quality of the product and that
has been approved by an accreditation body that complies with the requirements
of the American Lumber Standard Committee treated wood program.
317.2.1
Required information.
The required quality
mark on each piece of pressure-preservative-treated lumber or plywood shall
contain the following information:
1.
Identification of the treating plant.
2.
Type of
preservative.
3.
The minimum preservative retention.
4.
End use for which
the product was treated.
5.
Standard to which the product was
treated.
6.
Identity of the approved inspection
agency.
7.
The designation "Dry," if applicable.
317.3
Fasteners and connectors in contact with
preservative-treated and fire-retardant-treated wood.
Fasteners, including nuts and washers, and connectors in
contact with preservative-treated wood and fire-retardant-treated wood shall be
in accordance with this section. The coating weights for zinc-coated fasteners
shall be in accordance with ASTM A153. Stainless steel driven fasteners shall
be in accordance with the material requirements of ASTM F1667.
317.3.1
Fasteners for preservative-treated wood.
Fasteners, including nuts and washers, for
preservative-treated wood shall be of hot-dipped, zinc-coated galvanized steel,
stainless steel, silicon bronze or copper. Staples shall be of stainless steel.
Coating types and weights for connectors in contact with preservative-treated
wood shall be in accordance with the connector manufacturer's recommendations.
In the absence of manufacturer's recommendations, not less than ASTM A653 type
G185 zinc-coated galvanized steel, or equivalent, shall be used.
1.
½
-inch-diameter ( 12.7 mm) or greater steel bolts.
2.
Fasteners other
than nails, staples and timber rivets shall be permitted to be of mechanically
deposited zinc-coated steel with coating weights in accordance with ASTM B695,
Class 55 minimum.
3.
Plain carbon steel fasteners in SBX/DOT and zinc borate
preservative-treated wood in an interior, dry environment shall be
permitted.
317.3.2
Fastenings for wood foundations.
Fastenings, including nuts and washers,
for wood foundations shall be as required in AWC PWF.
317.3.3
Fasteners for fire-retardant-treated wood used in exterior
applications or wet or damp locations.
Fasteners, including nuts and washers, for
fire-retardant-treated wood used in exterior applications or wet or damp
locations shall be of hot-dipped, zinc-coated galvanized steel, stainless
steel, silicon bronze or copper. Fasteners other than nails, staples and timber
rivets shall be permitted to be of mechanically deposited zinc-coated steel
with coating weights in accordance with ASTM B695, Class 55
minimum.
317.3.4
Fasteners for fire-retardant-treated wood used in interior
applications.
Fasteners, including nuts
and washers, for fire-retardant-treated wood used in interior locations shall
be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. In the absence of the
manufacturer's recommendations, Section 317.3.3 shall apply.
317.4
Plastic composites.
Plastic composite exterior deck boards, stair treads, guards
and handrails containing wood, cellulosic or other biodegradable materials
shall comply with the requirements of Section 507.2.2.
SECTION 318
318.1
Subterranean termite control methods.
In areas subject to damage from termites as indicated by
Table 301.2(1), protection shall be by one, or a combination, of the following
methods:
1.
Chemical termiticide treatment in accordance with Section
318.2.
2.
Termite-baiting system installed and maintained in
accordance with the label.
3.
Pressure-preservative-treated wood in accordance with
the provisions of Section 317.1.
4.
Naturally durable
termite-resistant wood.
5.
Physical barriers in accordance with Section 318.3 and
used in locations as specified in Section 317.1.
6.
Cold-formed steel
framing in accordance with Sections 505.2.1 and 603.2.1.
318.1.1
Quality
mark.
Lumber and plywood required to be
pressure-preservative treated in accordance with Section 318.1 shall bear the
quality mark of an approved inspection agency that maintains continuing
supervision, testing and inspection over the quality of the product and that
has been approved by an accreditation body that complies with the requirements
of the American Lumber Standard Committee treated wood program.
318.1.2
Field
treatment.
Deleted
318.2
Chemical
termiticide treatment.
Chemical
termiticide treatment shall include soil treatment or field-applied wood
treatment. The concentration, rate of application and method of treatment of
the chemical termiticide shall be in strict accordance with the termiticide
label.
318.3
Barriers.
Approved
physical barriers, such as metal or plastic sheeting or collars specifically
designed for termite prevention, shall be installed in a manner to prevent
termites from entering the structure. Shields placed on top of an exterior
foundation wall shall be used only if in combination with another method of
protection.
318.4
Foam plastic protection.
In areas where the probability of termite infestation is
"very heavy" as indicated in Figure 301.2(7), extruded and expanded
polystyrene, polyisocyanurate and other foam plastics shall not be installed on
the exterior face or under interior or exterior foundation walls or slab
foundations located below grade. The clearance between foam plastics installed
above grade and exposed earth shall be not less than 6 inches (152 mm).
1.
Buildings where
the structural members of walls, floors, ceilings and roofs are entirely of
noncombustible materials or pressure-preservative-treated wood.
2.
Where in addition
to the requirements of Section 318.1, an approved method of protecting the foam
plastic and structure from subterranean termite damage is used.
3.
On the interior
side of basement walls.
SECTION 319
319.1
Address
identification.
Buildings shall
have approved address numbers, building numbers or approved building
identification placed in a position that is plainly legible and visible from
the street or road fronting the property.
Where required by the fire code official, address
identification shall be provided in additional approved
locations to facilitate emergency response. Where access is by means
of a private road and the building address cannot be viewed from the public
way, a monument, pole or other sign or means shall be used to identify the
structure. Address identification shall be maintained.
SECTION 320
320.1
Scope.
Where there are four or more
dwelling units or sleeping units in a single structure, and the design
qualifies for this code to apply, the provisions of section 320 shall
apply.
320.1.1
Guestrooms.
A dwelling
with guestrooms for primarily transient occupants
shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 11 of the
Ohio building code
for Group R-3.
For the purpose of applying the requirements of Chapter 11 of the Ohio
building code, guestrooms shall be considered to be sleeping
units.
320.2
Applicability.
Where there are four or more dwelling units or sleeping
units intended to be occupied as residences in a single structure, every
dwelling unit shall be a Type B unit designed and constructed for accessibility
in accordance with section 320 and the provisions for Type B units in Chapter
10 of the ICC/ANSI A 117.1 listed in Chapter 44.
320.3
Accessible route
. At least one accessible route shall connect accessible
building or facility entrances with the primary entrance of each Type B unit
within the building or facility and with those exterior and interior spaces and
facilities that serve the Type B units.
320.4
General exceptions.
The required number of
Type B units is permitted to be reduced in accordance with Sections 320.4.1
through 320.4.5.
320.4.1
Structures without elevator service.
Where no elevator service
is provided in a structure, only the dwelling units that are located on stories
indicated in Sections 320.4.1.1 and 320.4.1.2 are required to be Type B units,
respectively.
320.4.1.1
One story with Type B units
required
. At least one
story containing dwelling units or sleeping units intended to be occupied as a
residence shall be provided with an accessible entrance from the exterior of
the structure and all units intended to be occupied as a residence on that
story shall be Type B units.
320.4.1.2
Additional stories with Type B units.
On all other stories that
have a building entrance in proximity to arrival points intended to serve units
on that story, as indicated in Items 1 and 2, all dwelling units intended to be
occupied as a residence served by that entrance on that story shall be Type B
units.
1.
Where the slopes of the undisturbed site measured between
the planned entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50
feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance are 10 percent or less,
and
2.
Where the slopes of the planned finished grade measured
between the entrance and all vehicular or pedestrian arrival points within 50
feet (15 240 mm) of the planned entrance are 10 percent or less.
320.4.2
Multistory units.
A multistory dwelling which is not provided with elevator
service is not required to be a Type B unit. Where a multistory unit is
provided with external elevator service to only one floor, the floor provided
with elevator service shall be the primary entry to the unit, shall comply with
the requirements for a Type B unit and a toilet facility shall be provided on
that floor.
320.4.3
Elevator service to the lowest story with units.
Where elevator service in
the building provides an accessible route only to the lowest story containing
dwelling or sleeping units intended to be occupied as a residence, only the
units on that story which are intended to be occupied as a residence are
required to be Type B units.
320.4.4
Site impracticality.
On a site with multiple non-elevator buildings, the number
of units required by Section 320.4.1 to be Type B units is permitted to be
reduced to a percentage which is equal to the percentage of the entire site
having grades, prior to development, which are less than 10 percent, provided
that all of the following conditions are met:
1.
Not less
than 20 percent of the units required by Section 320.4.1 on the site are Type B
units;
2.
Units required by Section 320.4.1, where the
slope between the building entrance serving the units on that story and a
pedestrian or vehicular arrival point is no greater than 8.33 percent, are Type
B units;
3.
Units required by Section 320.4.1, where an
elevated walkway is planned between a building entrance serving the units on
that story and a pedestrian or vehicular arrival point and the slope between
them is 10 percent or less are Type B units; and
4.
Units
served by an elevator in accordance with Section 320.4.3 are Type B
units.
320.4.5
Design flood elevation.
The required number of Type B units shall not apply to a
site where the required elevation of the lowest floor or the lowest horizontal
structural building members of non-elevator buildings are at or above the
design flood elevation resulting in:
1.
A
difference in elevation between the minimum required floor elevation at the
primary entrances and vehicular and pedestrian arrival points within 50 feet
(15 240 mm) exceeding 30 inches (762 mm), and
2.
A slope
exceeding 10 percent between the minimum required floor elevation at the
primary entrances and vehicular and pedestrian arrival points within 50 feet (
15.24 m).
SECTION 321
321.1
Elevators.
Where
provided, passenger elevators, limited-use and limited-application elevators or
private residence elevators shall comply with ASME A 17.1 /CSA
B44.
321.2
Platform lifts.
Where
provided, platform lifts shall comply with ASME A 18.1.
321.3
Accessibility.
Elevators or platform lifts that are part of an accessible
route shall also comply with ICC A 117.1.
SECTION 322
322.1
General.
Except where approved by the Flood Plain Administrator
having jurisdiction or by variance granted, buildings
and structures constructed in whole or in part in flood
hazard areas, including A or V Zones and Coastal A Zones, as established in
Table 301.2(1), and substantial improvement and repair of substantial damage of
buildings and structures in flood hazard areas, shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the provisions contained in this section.
Buildings and structures that are located in more than one flood hazard area
shall comply with the provisions associated with the most restrictive flood
hazard area. Buildings and structures located in whole or in part in identified
floodways shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ASCE 24.
322.1.1
Alternative provisions.
As an alternative to the requirements in Section 322, ASCE
24 is permitted subject to the limitations of this code and the limitations
therein.
322.1.2
Structural systems.
Structural systems of buildings and structures shall be
designed, connected and anchored to resist flotation, collapse or permanent
lateral movement due to structural loads and stresses from flooding equal to
the design flood elevation.
322.1.3
Flood-resistant construction.
Buildings and structures erected in areas prone to flooding
shall be constructed by methods and practices that minimize flood
damage.
322.1.4
Establishing the design flood elevation.
The design flood elevation shall be used to define flood
hazard areas. At a minimum, the design flood elevation shall be the higher of
the following:
1.
The base flood elevation at the depth of peak elevation
of flooding, including wave height, that has a 1-percent (100-year flood) or
greater chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
2.
The elevation of
the design flood associated with the area designated on a flood hazard map
adopted by the community, or otherwise legally designated.
322.1.4.1
Determination of design flood elevations.
If design flood elevations are not specified, the building
official is authorized to require the applicant to comply with either of the
following:
1.
Obtain and reasonably use data available from a federal,
state or other source.
2.
Determine the design flood elevation in accordance with
accepted hydrologic and hydraulic engineering practices used to define special
flood hazard areas. Determinations shall be undertaken by a registered design
professional who shall document that the technical methods used reflect
currently accepted engineering practice. Studies, analyses and computations
shall be submitted in sufficient detail to allow thorough review and
approval.
322.1.4.2
Determination of impacts.
In riverine flood hazard areas where design flood elevations
are specified but floodways have not been designated, the applicant shall
demonstrate that the effect of the proposed buildings and structures on design
flood elevations, including fill, when combined with other existing and
anticipated flood hazard area encroachments, will not increase the design flood
elevation more than 1 foot (305 mm) at any point within the
jurisdiction.
322.1.5
Lowest
floor.
The lowest floor shall be the
lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area, including basement, and excluding any
unfinished flood-resistant enclosure that is useable solely for vehicle
parking, building access or limited storage provided that such enclosure is not
built so as to render the building or structure in violation of this
section.
322.1.6
Protection of mechanical, plumbing and electrical
systems.
322.1.7
Protection of water supply and sanitary sewage systems.
New and replacement water supply systems
shall be designed to minimize or eliminate infiltration of flood waters into
the systems in accordance with the plumbing provisions of this code. New and
replacement sanitary sewage systems shall be designed to minimize or eliminate
infiltration of floodwaters into systems and discharges from systems into
floodwaters in accordance with the plumbing
code.
322.1.8
Flood-resistant materials.
Building materials and installation methods used for
flooring and interior and exterior walls and wall coverings below the elevation
required in Section 322.2 or 322.3 shall be flood damage-resistant materials
that conform to the provisions of FEMA TB-2.
322.1.9
Manufactured homes.
Deleted
322.1.10
As-built elevation documentation.
A registered design professional shall prepare and seal
documentation of the elevations specified in Section 322.2 or
322.3.
322.2
Flood hazard areas (including A Zones).
Areas that have been determined to be
prone to flooding and that are not subject to high-velocity wave action shall
be designated as flood hazard areas. Flood hazard areas that have been
delineated as subject to wave heights between 1½ feet (457 mm) and 3
feet (914 mm) or otherwise designated by the jurisdiction shall be designated
as Coastal A Zones and are subject to the requirements of Section 322.3.
Buildings and structures constructed in whole or in part in flood hazard areas
shall be designed and constructed in accordance with Sections 322.2.1 through
322.2.3.
322.2.1
Elevation
requirements.
1.
Buildings and structures in flood hazard areas,
including flood hazard areas designated as Coastal A Zones, shall have the
lowest floors elevated to or above the base flood elevation plus 1 foot (305
mm), or the design flood elevation, whichever is higher.
2.
In areas of
shallow flooding (AO Zones), buildings and structures shall have the lowest
floor (including basement) elevated to a height above the highest adjacent
grade of not less than the depth number specified in feet (mm) on the FIRM plus
1 foot (305 mm), or not less than 3 feet (915 mm) if a depth number is not
specified.
3.
Basement floors that are below grade on all sides shall
be elevated to or above base flood elevation plus 1 foot (305 mm), or the
design flood elevation, whichever is higher.
322.2.2
Enclosed area below design flood elevation.
Enclosed areas, including crawl spaces,
that are below the design flood elevation shall:
1.
Be used solely for
parking of vehicles, building access or storage.
2.
Be provided with
flood openings that meet the following criteria and are installed in accordance
with Section 322.2. 2.1:
2.1.
The total net area of nonengineered openings shall be
not less than 1 square inch (645 mm2) for each
square foot ( 0.093 m2) of enclosed area where the
enclosed area is measured on the exterior of the enclosure walls, or the
openings shall be designed as engineered openings and the construction
documents shall include a statement by a registered design professional that
the design of the openings will provide for equalization of hydrostatic flood
forces on exterior walls by allowing for the automatic entry and exit of
floodwaters as specified in Section 2.7. 2.2 of ASCE 24.
2.2.
Openings shall
be not less than 3 inches (76 mm) in any direction in the plane of the
wall.
2.3.
The presence of louvers, blades, screens and faceplates
or other covers and devices shall allow the automatic flow of floodwater into
and out of the enclosed areas and shall be accounted for in the determination
of the net open area.
322.2.2.1
Installation of openings.
The walls of enclosed areas shall have openings installed
such that:
1.
There shall be not less than two openings on different sides
of each enclosed area; if a building has more than one enclosed area below the
design flood elevation, each area shall have openings.
2.
The bottom of each
opening shall be not more than 1 foot (305 mm) above the higher of the final
interior grade or floor and the finished exterior grade immediately under each
opening.
3.
Openings shall be permitted to be installed in doors
and windows; doors and windows without installed openings do not meet the
requirements of this section.
322.2.3
Foundation design and construction.
Foundation walls for buildings and structures erected in
flood hazard areas shall meet the requirements of Chapter 4.
1.
The unsupported height of 6-inch (152 mm) plain masonry
walls shall be not more than 3 feet (914 mm).
2.
The unsupported
height of 8-inch (203 mm) plain masonry walls shall be not more than 4 feet
(1219 mm).
3.
The unsupported height of 8-inch (203 mm) reinforced
masonry walls shall be not more than 8 feet (2438 mm).
322.2.4
Tanks.
Underground tanks shall be anchored to
prevent flotation, collapse and lateral movement under conditions of the base
flood. Above-ground tanks shall be installed at or above the elevation required
in Section 322.2.1 or shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse and
lateral movement under conditions of the base flood.
322.3
Coastal
high-hazard areas (including V Zones and Coastal A Zones, where designated).
Areas that have been determined to be
subject to wave heights in excess of 3 feet (914 mm) or subject to
high-velocity wave action or wave-induced erosion shall be designated as
coastal high-hazard areas. Flood hazard areas that have been designated as
subject to wave heights between 1½ feet (457 mm) and 3 feet (914 mm) or
otherwise designated by the jurisdiction shall be designated as Coastal A
Zones. Buildings and structures constructed in whole or in part in coastal
high-hazard areas and Coastal A Zones, where designated, shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with Sections 322.3.1 through 322.3.10.
322.3.1
Location and site preparation.
1.
New buildings and
buildings that are determined to be substantially improved pursuant to Section
113.4shall be located landward of the reach of mean high
tide.
2.
For any alteration of sand dunes and other
coastal features, the building official shall require submission of an
engineering analysis that demonstrates that the proposed alteration will not
increase the potential for flood damage.
322.3.2
Elevation requirements.
1.
Buildings and
structures erected within coastal high hazard areas and Coastal A Zones, shall
be elevated so that the bottom of the lowest horizontal structural members
supporting the lowest floor, with the exception of piling, pile caps, columns,
grade beams and bracing, is elevated to or above the base flood elevation plus
1 foot (305 mm) or the design flood elevation, whichever is
higher.
2.
Basement floors that are below grade on all sides are
prohibited.
3.
The use of fill for structural support is
prohibited.
4.
Minor grading, and the placement of minor quantities of
fill, shall be permitted for landscaping and for drainage purposes under and
around buildings and for support of parking slabs, pool decks, patios and
walkways.
5.
Walls and partitions enclosing areas below the design
flood elevation shall meet the requirements of Sections 322.3.5 and
322.3.6.
322.3.3
Foundations.
Buildings and structures erected in coastal high-hazard
areas and Coastal A Zones shall be supported on pilings or columns and shall be
adequately anchored to such pilings or columns. The space below the elevated
building shall be either free of obstruction or, if enclosed with walls, the
walls shall meet the requirements of Section 322.3.5. Pilings shall have
adequate soil penetrations to resist the combined wave and wind loads (lateral
and uplift). Water-loading values used shall be those associated with the
design flood. Wind-loading values shall be those required by this code. Pile
embedment shall include consideration of decreased resistance capacity caused
by scour of soil strata surrounding the piling. Pile systems design and
installation shall be certified in accordance with Section 322.3.9. Spread
footing, mat, raft or other foundations that support columns shall not be
permitted where soil investigations that are required in accordance with
Section 401.4 indicate that soil material under the spread footing, mat, raft
or other foundation is subject to scour or erosion from wave-velocity flow
conditions. If permitted, spread footing, mat, raft or other foundations that
support columns shall be designed in accordance with ASCE 24.
322.3.4
Concrete slabs.
Concrete slabs used for parking, floors of enclosures,
landings, decks, walkways, patios and similar uses that are located beneath
structures, or slabs that are located such that if undermined or dis- placed
during base flood conditions could cause structural damage to the building
foundation, shall be designed and constructed in accordance with one of the
following:
1.
To be structurally independent of the foundation system of
the structure, to not transfer flood loads to the main structure, and to be
frangible and break away under flood conditions prior to base flood conditions.
Slabs shall be a maximum of 4 inches (102 mm) thick, shall not have turned-down
edges, shall not contain reinforcing, shall have isolation joints at pilings
and columns, and shall have control or construction joints in both directions
spaced not more than 4 feet (1219 mm) apart.
2.
To be
self-supporting, structural slabs capable of remaining intact and functional
under base flood conditions, including erosion and local scour, and the main
structure shall be capable of resisting any added flood loads and effects of
local scour caused by the presence of the slabs.
322.3.5
Walls
below design flood elevation.
Walls and
partitions are permitted below the elevated floor, provided that such walls and
partitions are not part of the structural support of the building or structure
and:
1.
Electrical, mechanical and plumbing system components are
not to be mounted on or penetrate through walls that are designed to break away
under flood loads; and
2.
Are constructed with insect screening or open lattice;
or
3.
Are designed to break away or collapse without causing
collapse, displacement or other structural damage to the elevated portion of
the building or supporting foundation system. Such walls, framing and
connections shall have a resistance of not less than 10 (479 Pa) and not more
than 20 pounds per square foot (958 Pa) as determined using allowable stress
design; or
4.
Where wind loading values of this code exceed 20 pounds
per square foot (958 Pa), as determined using allowable stress design, the
construction documents shall include documentation prepared and sealed by a
registered design professional that:
4.1.
The walls and
partitions below the design flood elevation have been designed to collapse from
a water load less than that which would occur during the base
flood.
4.2.
The elevated portion of the building and supporting
foundation system have been designed to withstand the effects of wind and flood
loads acting simultaneously on structural and nonstructural building
components. Water-loading values used shall be those associated with the design
flood. Wind-loading values shall be those required by this
code.
5.
Walls intended to break away under flood loads as
specified in Item 3 or 4 have flood openings that meet the criteria in Section
322.2.2, Item 2.
322.3.6
Enclosed areas below design flood elevation.
Enclosed areas below the design flood
elevation shall be used solely for parking of vehicles, building access or
storage.
322.3.6.1
Protection of building envelope.
An exterior door that meets the requirements of Section 609
shall be installed at the top of stairs that provide access to the building and
that are enclosed with walls designed to break away in accordance with Section
322.3.5.
322.3.7
Stairways and ramps.
Stairways and ramps that are located below the lowest floor
elevations specified in Section 322.3.2 shall comply with one or more of the
following:
1.
Be
designed and constructed with open or partially open risers and
guards.
2.
Stairways and ramps not part of the required means of
egress shall be designed and constructed to break away during design flood
conditions without causing damage to the building or structure, including
foundation.
3.
Be retractable, or able to be raised to or above the
lowest floor elevation, provided that the ability to be retracted or raised
prior to the onset of flooding is not contrary to the means of egress
requirements of the code.
4.
Be designed and constructed to resist flood loads and
minimize transfer of flood loads to the building or structure, including
foundation.
322.3.8
Decks and porches.
Attached decks and porches shall meet the elevation
requirements of Section 322.3.2 and shall either meet the foundation
requirements of this section or shall be cantilevered from or knee braced to
the building or structure. Self-supporting decks and porches that are below the
elevation required in Section 322.3.2 shall not be enclosed by solid, rigid
walls, including walls designed to break away. Self-supporting decks and
porches shall be designed and constructed to remain in place during base flood
conditions or shall be frangible and break away under base flood
conditions.
322.3.9
Construction documents.
The construction documents shall include documentation that
is prepared and sealed by a registered design professional that the design and
methods of construction to be used meet the applicable criteria of this
section.
322.3.10
Tanks.
Underground
tanks shall be anchored to prevent flotation, collapse and lateral movement
under conditions of the base flood. Above-ground tanks shall be installed at or
above the elevation required in Section 322.3.2. Where elevated on platforms,
the platforms shall be cantilevered from or knee braced to the building or
shall be supported on foundations that conform to the requirements of Section
322.3.
SECTION
323
323.1
General.
This section applies to storm shelters
where constructed as separate detached buildings or where constructed as safe
rooms within buildings for the purpose of providing refuge from storms that
produce high winds, such as tornados and hurricanes. In addition to other
applicable requirements in this code, storm shelters shall be constructed in
accordance with ICC/NSSA-500.
SECTION 324
324.1
General.
Solar energy systems shall comply with the
provisions of this section.
324.2
Solar
thermal systems.
Solar thermal systems
shall be designed and installed in accordance with Chapter 23.
324.3
Photovoltaic systems.
Photovoltaic systems shall be designed and installed in
accordance with Sections 324.3.1 through 324.7.1, NFPA 70, the fire
code and the manufacturer's installation instructions.
324.3.1
Equipment listings.
Photovoltaic panels and modules shall be listed and labeled
in accordance with UL 1703. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance
with UL 1741. Systems connected to the utility grid shall use inverters listed
for utility interaction.
324.4
Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems.
Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems installed on or
above the roof covering shall be designed and installed in accordance with this
section.
324.4.1
Structural requirements.
Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed
to structurally support the system and withstand applicable gravity loads in
accordance with Chapter 3. The roof on which these systems are installed shall
be designed and constructed to support the loads imposed by such systems in
accordance with Chapter 8.
324.4.1.1
Roof load.
Portions of roof structures not covered with photovoltaic
panel systems shall be designed for dead loads and roof loads in accordance
with Sections 301.4 and 301.6. Portions of roof structures covered with
photovoltaic panel systems shall be designed for the following load
cases:
1.
Dead
load (including photovoltaic panel weight) plus snow load in accordance with
Table 301.2(1).
2.
Dead load (excluding photovoltaic panel weight) plus
roof live load or snow load, whichever is greater, in accordance with Section
301.6.
324.4.1.2
Wind load.
Rooftop-mounted photovoltaic panel or module systems and
their supports shall be designed and installed to resist the component and
cladding loads specified in Table 301.2(2), adjusted for height and exposure in
accordance with Table 301.2(3).
324.4.2
Fire
classification.
Rooftop-mounted
photovoltaic panel systems shall have the same fire classification as the roof
assembly required in Section 902.
324.4.3
Roof
penetrations.
Roof penetrations shall be
flashed and sealed in accordance with Chapter 9.
324.5
Building-integrated photovoltaic systems.
Building-integrated photovoltaic systems that serve as roof
coverings shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 905.
324.5.1
Photovoltaic shingles.
Photovoltaic shingles shall comply with Section
905.16.
324.5.2
Fire classification.
Building-integrated photovoltaic systems shall have a fire
classification in accordance with Section 902.3.
324.6
Roof
access and pathways.
Roof access, pathways
and setback requirements shall be provided in accordance with Sections 324.6.1
through 324.6.2.1. Access and minimum spacing shall be required to provide
emergency access to the roof, to provide pathways to specific areas of the
roof, provide for smoke ventilation opportunity areas, and to provide emergency
egress from the roof.
1.
Detached,
non-habitable structures, including but not limited to detached garages,
parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises and similar structures,
shall not be required to provide roof access.
2.
Roof access,
pathways and setbacks need not be provided where the code official has
determined that rooftop operations will not be employed.
3.
These requirements
shall not apply to roofs with slopes of two units vertical in 12 units
horizontal (17-percent slope) or less.
324.6.1
Pathways.
Not fewer
than two pathways, on separate roof planes from lowest roof edge to ridge and
not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide, shall be provided on all buildings. Not
fewer than one pathway shall be provided on the street or driveway side of the
roof. For each roof plane with a photovoltaic array, a pathway not less than 36
inches wide (914 mm) shall be provided from the lowest roof edge to ridge on
the same roof plane as the photovoltaic array, on an adjacent roof plane, or
straddling the same and adjacent roof planes. Pathways shall be over areas
capable of supporting fire fighters accessing the roof. Pathways shall be
located in areas with minimal obstructions such as vent pipes, conduit, or
mechanical equipment.
324.6.2
Setback at ridge.
For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 33 percent
of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm) clear
setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge. For photovoltaic
arrays occupying more than 33 percent of the plan view total roof area, not
less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a
horizontal ridge.
324.6.2.1
Alternative setback at ridge.
Where an automatic sprinkler system is installed within the
dwelling in accordance with NFPA 13D or Section 2904, setbacks at ridges shall
comply with one of the following:
1.
For photovoltaic arrays occupying not more than 66
percent of the plan view total roof area, not less than an 18-inch (457 mm)
clear setback is required on both sides of a horizontal ridge.
2.
For photovoltaic
arrays occupying more than 66 percent of the plan view total roof area, not
less than a 36-inch (914 mm) clear setback is required on both sides of a
horizontal ridge.
324.6.2.2
Emergency escape and rescue opening.
Panels and modules installed on dwellings shall not be
placed on the portion of a roof that is below an emergency escape and rescue
opening. A pathway not less than 36 inches (914 mm) wide shall be provided to
the emergency escape and rescue opening.
324.7
Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems.
Ground-mounted photovoltaic systems shall be designed and
installed in accordance with Section 301.
324.7.1
Fire
separation distances.
Ground-mounted
photovoltaic systems shall be subject to the fire separation distance
requirements determined by the local jurisdiction.
SECTION 325
SECTION
326
SECTION
327
327.1
General.
Stationary
storage battery system shall comply with the provisions of this
section.
327.2
Equipment listings.
Stationary storage battery systems shall be listed and
labeled for residential use in accordance with UL 9540.
1.
Where approved,
repurposed unlisted battery systems from electric vehicles are allowed to be
installed outdoors or in detached sheds located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm)
from exterior walls, property lines and public ways.
2.
Battery systems
that are an integral part of an electric vehicle are allowed provided that the
installation complies with Section 625.48 of NFPA 70.
3.
Battery systems
less than 1 kWh ( 3.6 megajoules).
327.3
Installation.
Stationary storage battery systems shall be installed in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and their listing, if
applicable, and shall not be installed within the habitable space of a dwelling
unit.
327.4
Electrical installation.
Stationary storage battery systems shall be installed in
accordance with NFPA 70. Inverters shall be listed and labeled in accordance
with UL 1741 or provided as part of the UL 9540 listing. Systems connected to
the utility grid shall use inverters listed for utility
interaction.
327.5
Ventilation.
Indoor
installations of stationary storage battery systems that include batteries that
produce hydro- gen or other flammable gases during charging shall be provided
with ventilation in accordance with Section 1307.4.
327.6
Protection from impact.
Stationary storage battery systems installed in a location
subject to vehicle damage shall be protected by approved barriers.
SECTION 328
328.1
Post frame accessory structures.
The following
requirements serve as minimum standards for post and frame structures within
all of the following structural limitations:
1.
Residential accessory structures,
2.
Single
story,
3.
Solid exterior structural sheathing or metal
roof, and solid wall panels,
4.
No attic
storage,
5.
Maximum building width of thirty six feet
including the overhang,
6.
Maximum
wall height of sixteen feet,
7.
Maximum
mean roof height of twenty feet, and
8.
Maximum
post spacing of eight feet.
328.2
Definition.
Post frame accessory structures consist of primary members
(wood posts, beams & single span roof trusses or ceiling joist and rafters)
and secondary members (wood roof purlins, wall girts, bracing & sheathing)
where all loads are transmitted from the sheathing and the secondary members to
the primary members which transfer all combined loads to the soil through
vertical posts bearing on footings embedded in the ground. See Figure
328.
328.3
Footings and foundations.
Footings and foundations
shall comply with applicable provisions of 401. Post frame structures shall
have poured in-place concrete footings installed below all posts. The top of
the footing shall be a minimum of 48 inches below finished grade and have
footing diameters complying with Table 328.3.
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1.
Pier footing thickness shall be a minimum one-half of the
diameter of the footing.
2.
Based upon
2000 PSF soil bearing capacity and truss loads of 20 or 30 PSF live or snow
load top chord, 10 PSF dead load top chord, 5 PSF dead load on the bottom chord
and no live load on the bottom chord
3.
Fractional
widths shall be rounded to the next higher pier footing
diameter.
4.
Table not to be used in Ohio case study
areas.
328.4
Post and wall construction.
Posts shall be three (3)
ply unspliced, reinforced spliced or solid wood and shall not be less than 4
inch by 6 inch nominal size. Posts shall comply with the requirements of
Section 317.
328.4.1
Uplift protection:
Posts shall have uplift
protection by one of the following methods:
1.
Two 2x6x12
inch post uplift protection blocks attached to each side of the base of the
post. The post uplift blocks shall be placed horizontally, attached per Table
328.7 and comply with Section 317;
2.
12 inch
high, concrete collar poured on top of footing around the post, with 2-#5x9
inch rebar placed through the post at 3 inches and 9 inches from bottom of post
in opposite directions. The rebar ends must be 1 ½ inches from the soil.
See Figure 328.1;
Click to view image
Click to view image
328.4.2
Post
Spacing.
The maximum
spacing for posts shall be (eight) 8 feet on center.
328.4.3
Skirt
Boards.
Skirt boards
shall be treated lumber meeting the requirements of Section 317 and attached
per Table 328.7.
328.4.4
Wall girts.
Wall girts shall be not less than 2 x 4 inches nominal and
spaced not more than twenty-four (24) inches on
center.
328.4.5
Load bearing beams and headers:
Load bearing beams and
headers shall comply with Table 502.5(1).
1.
Bearing
beams are not required if the trusses or ceiling joists and rafters bear
directly on the posts.
2.
Headers in
the gable-end wall which do not support more than five square feet of wall area
per lineal foot of header shall be sized per Table 328.4.5.
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328.4.6
Bracing.
Wall bracing shall be provided to resist all racking and
shearing forces and must comply with the applicable provisions of section
602.10 or by installing 2x6 diagonal cross braces in the bays between adjacent
posts as described in this section. The diagonal cross braces shall be placed
from the top header or girt to the next adjacent post at the skirt board. The
cross bracing shall be placed or installed on all sides of the building and
shall be spaced at a maximum of 25 feet on center and within 12 feet of the
corners of the building and attached per Table 328.7. Any splices of the
diagonal brace required due to excessive length, must lap over two consecutive
wall girts.
328.4.7
Beams supporting trusses or rafters and
ceiling joists attachment to column.
Bearing beams supporting roof trusses or rafters and ceiling
joists shall be connected to the posts by one of the following
methods:
1.
Bolts that are ½ inch diameter through-bolted to the
side of the post;
2.
Bolts that are ½ inch diameter, directly
attached to a 3-ply post notch, enclosing the truss or rafter at the top of
post; or
3.
Other fasteners with minimum shear or withdraw
values stated in Table 328.4.7
328.4.7.1
Number of fasteners.
The minimum numbers of through bolts or other fasteners with
minimum shears or withdraw values required per Table 328.4.7.
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a.
Based upon truss loads of 20 or 30 PSF live or snow load top
chord, 10 PSF dead load top chord, 5 PSF live load on the bottom chord and no
live load on the bottom chord.
b.
Based upon
post spacing at intervals not exceeding 8 feet.
c.
When beams
are attached at each side of the column and fasteners do not extend through
both beams such as through-bolts, the required values are one-half the amount
shown above for each beam.
328.5
Roof
purlins.
Roof purlins
shall be a minimum of 4x2 SPF#2 laid flat for spans up to 4 feet, and 4x2 SPF#2
laid on edge for spans up to 8 feet. Roof purlins shall be spaced not more than
24 inches on center.
328.6
Knee
bracing:
A 2x6 brace
shall extend from the post to the top chord of the truss or rafter adjacent to
the post at a 45 degree angle. The vertical distance down from the bottom chord
of the truss or ceiling joist to the point where the brace attaches to the
posts shall be in compliance with Table 328.6 as shown on Figure 328. Trusses
or rafters must be spaced such that they align with the post intervals.
Attachment of knee brace shall be per Table 328.7.
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328.7
Attachment details.
Structural fastener
details for post and frame buildings shall comply with Table
328.7.
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328.8
Roof trusses.
Engineered roof trusses,
where used, shall be accompanied by drawings sealed by the registered design
professional responsible for their preparation and shall be submitted to the
residential building official for approval prior to the framing inspection. The
truss design shall comply with Sections 802.10 and 802.11 and shall account for
all loads imposed on the truss as a result of the prescriptive requirements of
this section.
Replaces: 4101:8-3-01
Notes
Promulgated Under: 119.03
Statutory Authority: 3781.10(A)(1)
Rule Amplifies: 3781.01, 4740.14, 3791.04, 3781.11, 3781.10, 3781.06
Prior Effective Dates: 05/27/2006, 01/01/2013, 07/01/2014, 01/01/2016
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No prior version found.