Or. Admin. Code § 340-071-0100 - Definitions
As used in OAR 340, divisions 71 and 73, unless otherwise specified:
(1) "Absorption Area" means
the entire area used for underground dispersion of the liquid portion of sewage
including the area designated for a future replacement system. It may consist
of a seepage pit, absorption field, or combination of the two. It may also
consist of a cesspool, seepage bed, bottomless sand filter, or
evapotranspiration-absorption system.
(2) "Absorption Facility" means a system of
open-jointed or perforated piping, alternative distribution units, or other
seepage systems for receiving the flow from septic tanks or other treatment
facilities that are designed to distribute effluent for oxidation and
absorption by the soil within the zone of aeration.
(3) "Absorption Field" means a system of
absorption trenches, a seepage trench, or a system of seepage trenches.
(4) "Absorption Trench" means a
ditch or a trench installed into soil, permeable saprolite, or diggable
bedrock, with vertical sides and a substantially flat bottom.
(5) "Active Sand Dune" means wind-drifted
ridges and intervening valleys, pockets, and swales of sand adjacent to the
beach. The sand is grayish-brown with little or no horizon, color, or textural
difference. Active dunes are either bare of vegetation or lack sufficient
vegetation to prevent blowing of sand.
(6) "Aerobic Sewage Treatment Facility" means
a sewage treatment plant that incorporates a means of introducing air and
oxygen into the sewage to provide aerobic biochemical stabilization during a
detention period. Aerobic sewage treatment facilities may include anaerobic
processes as part of the treatment system.
(7) "Aerobic System" means an alternative
system that incorporates a septic tank or other treatment facility, an aerobic
sewage treatment facility, and an absorption facility to provide treatment
before dispersal.
(8) "Agent" means
the director or person authorized to act on the Director's behalf, frequently
referring to DEQ or contract county staff performing onsite permitting
activities.
(9) "Alteration" means
expansion or change in location of an existing system or any part of it. Major
alteration is the expansion or change in location of the soil absorption
facility, treatment unit, or any part of it. Minor alteration is the
replacement or relocation of a septic tank or other components of the system
other than the soil absorption facility, or a change in distribution technique
or method.
(10) "Alternative
System" means any onsite wastewater treatment system DEQ or the Commission
approves for use in lieu of the standard subsurface system.
(11) "Alternative Treatment Technologies"
means an alternative system that incorporates aerobic and other treatment
technologies or units not specifically described elsewhere in this division.
(12) "Approved Material" means
construction items that DEQ approved for use.
(13) "Approved Criteria" means methods of
design or construction that DEQ approved for use.
(14) "ASTM" means American Society of Testing
Materials.
(15) "Authorization
Notice" means a written document issued by an agent establishing that an
existing onsite wastewater treatment system appears adequate for its intended
use.
(16) "Authorized
Representative" means a person with written authorization to act as another
person's delegate.
(17) "Automatic
Siphon" means a hydraulic device designed to rapidly discharge the contents of
a dosing tank between predetermined liquid levels.
(18) "Bedroom" means any room within a
dwelling accepted as a bedroom by state or local building departments.
(19) "Biochemical Oxygen Demand"
(BOD5) means the quantity of oxygen used in the biochemical oxidation of
organic matter in five days at 20 degrees centigrade under specified conditions
and reported as milligrams per liter (mg/L).
(20) "Black Waste" means human body wastes
including feces, urine, other substances of body origin, and toilet paper.
(21) "Capping Fill System" means
an alternative system that incorporates an absorption trench with an effective
sidewall installed a minimum of 12 inches into the natural soil below a soil
cap of specified depth and texture.
(22) "Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand"
(CBOD5) means BOD minus the nitrogenous oxygen demand, typically measured in
mg/L.
(23) "Cesspool" means a lined
pit that receives raw sewage, allows separation of solids and liquids, retains
the solids, and allows liquids to seep into the surrounding soil through
perforations in the lining.
(24)
"Chemical Recirculating Toilet Facility" means a toilet facility in which black
wastes are deposited and carried from a bowl by a combination of chemically
treated and filtered liquid waste and water.
(25) "Chemical Toilet Facility" means a
nonflushing, nonrecirculating toilet facility in which black wastes are
deposited directly into a chamber containing a solution of water and
chemical.
(26) "Clayey Soil" means
mineral soil with over 40 percent clay that shrinks and develops wide cracks
when dry and swells and shears when wet, forming slickensides and wedge-shaped
structure. Clayey soil is very hard or extremely hard when dry, very firm when
moist, and very sticky and very plastic when wet.
(27) "Claypan" means a dense, compact clay
layer in the subsoil. It has a much lower permeability than the overlying soil
horizon from which it is separated by an abrupt boundary. Claypans are hard
when dry and very sticky and very plastic when wet and impede movement of
water, air, and growth of plant roots.
(28) "Combustion Toilet Facility" means a
toilet facility wherein black wastes are deposited directly into a combination
chamber for incineration.
(29)
"Commercial Facility" means any structure or building or portion of one other
than a single-family dwelling.
(30)
"Commission" means the Environmental Quality Commission.
(31) "Community System" means an onsite
system that serves more than one lot or parcel, more than one condominium unit,
or more than one unit of a planned unit development.
(32) "Completed Application" means an
application form that is completed in full, is signed by the owner or owner's
authorized representative or, for WPCF permits, by the applicant or applicant's
authorized representative, and is accompanied by all required exhibits and
fees.
(33) "Conditions Associated
with Saturation" means soil morphological properties that may indicate the
presence of a water table that persists long enough to impair system function
and create a potential health hazard. These conditions include depleted matrix
chromas caused by saturation and not a relict or parent material feature, and
the following:
(a) High chroma matrix with
iron depletions. Soil horizons whose matrix chroma is 3 or more in which there
are some visible iron depletions having a value 4 or more and a chroma of 2 or
less. Iron-manganese concentrations as soft masses or pore linings may be
present but are not diagnostic of conditions associated with
saturation.
(b) Depleted matrix
with iron concentrations. Soil horizons whose matrix color has a value of 4 or
more and a chroma of 2 or less as a result of removal of iron and manganese
oxides. Some visible zones of iron concentration are present as soft masses or
pore linings.
(c) Depleted matrix
without iron concentrations. Soil horizons whose color is more or less uniform
with a value of 4 or more and a chroma of 2 or less as a result of removing
iron and manganese oxides. These horizons lack visible iron concentrations as
soft masses or pore linings.
(d)
Reduced matrix. Soil horizons whose color has a value of 4 or more and a chroma
of 2 or less with hues that are often, but not exclusively, on the grey pages
of the Munsell Color Book. On exposure to air, yellow colors form within 24
hours as some of the ferrous iron oxidizes.
(e) Dark colored soils with organic matter
accumulation. Mineral soils with a high amount of decomposed organic matter in
the saturated zone, a value of 3 or less, and a chroma of 1 or less. Included
in this category are organic soils with a minor amount of mineral matter.
(f) Soils with a dark surface. The
upper surface layer has a dark color with a value of 3 or less and a chroma of
1 or less immediately underlain by a layer with a chroma of 2 or less.
(g) Iron stripping and staining in
sandy soils. Soil horizons in which iron/manganese oxides or organic matter or
both have been stripped from the matrix, exposing the primary base color of
soil materials. The stripped areas and trans-located oxides or organic matter
form a diffuse splotchy pattern of two or more colors.
(h) Salt-affected soils. Soils in arid and
semi-arid areas that have visible accumulations of soluble salts at or near the
ground surface.
(i) Dark colored
shrink-swell soils. Vertisols whose colors have values of 3 or less and chromas
of 1 or less. Iron concentrations may be present but are not diagnostic of
conditions associated with saturation.
(j) Other soils that lack the diagnostic
value and chroma as described in this section but remain saturated long enough
to impair system function and have a high water table under OAR
340-071-0130(23).
(34) "Confining Layer" means a layer
associated with an aquifer that, because of low permeability, does not allow
water to move through it perceptibly under head differences occurring in the
groundwater system.
(35)
"Construction" includes installing a new system, or a part of one, or altering,
repairing, or extending an existing system. The grading, excavating, and
earth-moving work connected with installing, altering, or repairing a system or
a part of one is considered system construction.
(36) "Contract County" means a local unit of
government that has entered into an agreement with DEQ under OAR
340-071-0120 to perform duties
of DEQ under this division.
(37)
"Conventional Sand Filter" means a filter with 2 feet or more of sand filter
media designed to chemically and biologically process septic tank or other
treatment unit effluent from a pressure distribution system operated on an
intermittent basis.
(38) "Curtain
Drain" means a groundwater interceptor that is designed to divert groundwater
from an absorption facility. The drain creates a "curtain" to block water from
reaching the absorption facility.
(39) "Cut-manmade" means a land surface
resulting from mechanical land shaping operations where the modified slope is
greater than 50 percent and the depth of cut exceeds 30 inches.
(40) "DEQ" means the Department of
Environmental Quality.
(41) "Design
Capacity" means the maximum daily flow a system is designed to treat and
disperse.
(42) "Design Criteria"
means the criteria used in designing onsite wastewater treatment systems
including but not limited to dimensions, geometry, type of materials, size of
drain media or filter media, absorption field sizing, depth, grade or slope,
hydraulic loading rate, or any other factor relevant to the successful
operation of the system. It does not include absorption area siting
criteria.
(43) "Designer" means a
person who plans onsite wastewater treatment and dispersal technology for an
onsite system.
(44) "Director"
means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality.
(45) "Disposal Trench" means "absorption
trench."
(46) "Distribution Box"
means a watertight structure that receives septic tank or other treatment
facility effluent and distributes it concurrently into 2 or more header pipes
leading to the absorption area.
(47) "Distribution Pipe" means an
open-jointed or perforated pipe used in the dispersion of septic tank or other
treatment facility effluent into absorption trenches, seepage trenches, or
seepage beds.
(48) "Distribution
Unit" means a distribution box, dosing tank, diversion valve or box, header
pipe, or other means of transmitting septic tank or other treatment unit
effluent from the effluent sewer to the distribution pipes.
(49) "Diversion Valve" means a watertight
structure that receives septic tank or other treatment facility effluent
through one inlet and distributes it to 2 outlets, only one of which is used at
a time.
(50) "Dosing Tank" means a
watertight receptacle placed after a septic tank or other treatment facility
equipped with an automatic siphon or pump.
(51) "Dosing Septic Tank" means a unitized
device performing functions of both a septic tank and a dosing tank.
(52) "Drainfield" means an "absorption
field."
(53) "Drain Media" means
clean washed gravel or clean, crushed rock with a minimum size of 3/4 inch and
a maximum size of 2-1/2 inches used in the distribution of effluent. The
material must be durable and inert so that it will maintain its integrity, will
not collapse or disintegrate with time, and will not be detrimental to the
performance of the system. Drain media also includes any product or material
approved by DEQ for distribution of effluent in an absorption field.
(54) "Dwelling" means any structure or
building or portion thereof that is used, intended, or designed to be occupied
for human living purposes including but not limited to houses, houseboats,
boathouses, mobile homes, recreational cabins, travel trailers, hotels, motels,
and apartments.
(55) "Effective
Seepage Area" means the sidewall area within an absorption trench or a seepage
trench from the bottom of the trench to a level 2 inches above the distribution
pipes, the sidewall area of any cesspool, seepage pit, unsealed earth pit
privy, graywater waste absorption sump seepage chamber, or trench with drain
media substitute, or the bottom area of a pressurized soil absorption facility
installed in soil.
(56) "Effective
Soil Depth" means the depth of soil material above a layer that impedes
movement of water and air and growth of plant roots. Layers that differ from
overlying soil material enough to limit effective soil depth are hardpans,
claypans, fragipans, compacted soil, bedrock, saprolite, and clayey soil.
(57) "Effluent Filter" means an
effluent treatment device installed on the outlet of a septic tank or outside
the septic tank in a separate enclosure and designed to prevent the passage of
suspended matter larger than 1/8 inch in size.
(58) "Effluent Lift Pump" means a pump used
to lift septic tank or other treatment facility effluent to a higher elevation.
(59) "Effluent Sewer" means that
part of the system of drainage piping that conveys partially treated sewage
from a septic tank or other treatment facility into a distribution unit or an
absorption facility.
(60)
"Emergency Repair" means immediate action to repair a failing system when
sewage is backing up into a dwelling or building or to repair a broken pressure
sewer pipe. It does not include the construction of new or additional
absorption facilities but does include using the septic tank as a temporary
holding tank until new or additional absorption facilities can be permitted and
constructed.
(61) "Equal
Distribution" means the distribution of effluent to a set of absorption
trenches in which each trench receives effluent in equivalent or proportional
volumes.
(62) "Escarpment" means
any naturally occurring slope greater than 50 percent that extends vertically 6
feet or more from toe to top, is characterized by a long cliff or steep slope
that separates two or more comparatively level or gently sloping surfaces, and
may intercept one or more layers that limit effective soil depth.
(63) "Existing Onsite Wastewater Treatment
System" means any installed onsite wastewater treatment system constructed in
conformance with the rules, laws, and local ordinances in effect at the time of
construction.
(64) "Existing
System" means "existing onsite wastewater treatment system."
(65) "Failing System" means any system that
discharges untreated or incompletely treated sewage or septic tank effluent
directly or indirectly onto the ground surface or into public waters or that
creates a public health hazard.
(66) "Family Member" means any one of two or
more persons related by blood or by law.
(67) "Fecal Coliform" means bacteria common
to the digestive systems of warm-blooded animals and cultured in standard
tests. The term is typically used to indicate fecal pollution and the possible
presence of enteric pathogens and is measured as colonies/100ml.
(68) "Filter Fabric" means a woven or
spun-bonded sheet material used to impede or prevent the movement of sand,
silt, and clay into drain media.
(69) "Fragipan" means a loamy subsurface
horizon with high bulk density relative to the horizon above, seemingly
cemented when dry, and weakly to moderately brittle when moist. Fragipans are
mottled and low in organic matter, and they impede movement of water and air
and growth of plant roots.
(70)
"Governmental Unit" means the state or any county, municipality, or political
subdivision or any agency thereof.
(71) "Grade" means the rate of fall or drop
in inches per foot or the percentage of fall of a pipe.
(72) "Graywater" means household sewage other
than "black wastes," such as bath water, kitchen waste water, and laundry
wastes.
(73) "Graywater Waste Sump"
means a receptacle or series of receptacles designed to receive hand-carried
graywater for dispersal into the soil.
(74) "Grease and Oils" means a component of
sewage typically originating from food stuffs, consisting of compounds of
alcohol or glycerol with fatty acids.
(75) "Groundwater Interceptor" means any
natural or artificial groundwater or surface water drainage system, including
drain tile, curtain drain, foundation drain, cut banks, and ditches, that
intercept and divert groundwater or surface water from the area of the
absorption facility.
(76) "Hardpan"
means a hardened layer in soil caused by cementation of soil particles with
silica, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, iron, or organic matter. The
hardness does not change appreciably with changes in moisture content. Hardpans
impede movement of water and air and growth of plant roots.
(77) "Header Pipe" means a tight-jointed part
of the sewage drainage conduit that receives septic tank effluent from the
distribution box, drop box, or effluent sewer and conveys it to the absorption
area.
(78) "Headwall" means a steep
slope at the head or upper end of a land slump block or unstable
landform.
(79) "Holding Tank" means
a watertight receptacle designed to receive and store sewage to facilitate
treatment at another location.
(80)
"Holding Tank System" means an alternative system consisting of the combination
of a holding tank, service riser, and level indicator (alarm), designed to
receive and store sewage for intermittent removal for treatment at another
location.
(81) "Hydrosplitter" or
"hydrasplitter" means a hydraulic device to proportion flow under pressure by
the use of one or more orifices.
(82) "Incinerator Toilet Facility" means
"combustion toilet facility."
(83)
"Individual System" means a system that is not a community system.
(84) "Individual Water Supply" means a source
of water and a distribution system that provides water for drinking, culinary,
or household uses and is not a public water supply system.
(85) "Industrial Waste" means any liquid,
gaseous, radioactive, or solid waste or a combination thereof resulting from
any process of industry, manufacturing, trade, or business or from developing
or recovering any natural resources.
(86) "Intermittent Sand Filter" means a
conventional sand filter.
(87)
"Intermittent Stream" means any public surface water or groundwater interceptor
that continuously flows water for a period greater than two months in any one
year but not continuously for that year.
(88) "Invert" is the lowest portion of the
internal cross section of a pipe or fitting.
(89) "Large System" means any onsite system
with a projected daily sewage flow greater than 2,500 gallons.
(90) "Lateral Pipe" means "distribution
pipe."
(91) "Maintenance" means
taking the actions necessary to keep onsite system components properly
functioning as designed. Maintenance is further defined as:
(a) Major Maintenance is cleaning, repairing
or replacing a broken or plugged effluent sewer pipe where:
(A) The pipe is the same make and model; or
(B) The pipe meets the
requirements in this division; and
(C) A certified maintenance provider or
certified licensed installer performs the work.
(b) Minor Maintenance includes, but is not
limited to, repairing or replacing of a tank riser or lid, or pump, screen,
filter, or other component internal to the tank that:
(A) Is the same make and model; or
(B) Meets the requirements in this division.
(92)
"Maintenance provider" means a person who performs maintenance of onsite
systems and:
(a) Possesses adequate skills
and knowledge regarding onsite wastewater treatment, absorption facilities, and
system functions to competently inspect and maintain onsite systems, and
(b) Is certified under OAR
340-071-0650.
(93) "Mechanical Sewage Treatment Facility"
or "Mechanical Oxidation Sewage Treatment Facility" means an aerobic sewage
treatment facility.
(94)
"Nonwater-Carried Waste Facility" means any toilet facility that has no direct
water connection, including but not limited to pit privies, vault privies, and
portable toilets.
(95) "Occupant"
means any person living or sleeping in a dwelling.
(96) "Onsite Sewage Disposal System" means
"onsite wastewater treatment system."
(97) "Onsite Wastewater Treatment System"
means any existing or proposed subsurface onsite wastewater treatment and
dispersal system including but not limited to a standard subsurface,
alternative, experimental, or nonwater-carried sewage system. It does not
include systems that are designed to treat and dispose of industrial waste as
defined in OAR chapter 340, division 045.
(98) "Operating Permit" means a WPCF permit
issued under these rules.
(99)
"Owner" means any person who alone, jointly, or severally:
(a) Has legal title to any single lot,
dwelling, dwelling unit, or commercial facility;
(b) Has care, charge, or control of any real
property as agent, executor, administrator, trustee, commercial lessee, or
guardian of the estate of the holder of legal title; or
(c) Is the contract purchaser of real
property.
(100) "Peer
Review" means a review by at least three members of a scientific community
recognized as experts in the field of study and well-rehearsed with scientific
principles and experimentation.
(101) "Permanent Groundwater Table" means the
upper surface of a saturated zone that exists year-round. The thickness of the
saturated zone and resulting elevation of the permanent groundwater table may
fluctuate as much as 20 feet or more annually, but the saturated zone and
associated permanent groundwater table is present at some depth beneath land
surface throughout the year.
(102)
"Permit" means the written document, issued and signed by an agent, that
authorizes a permittee to install a system or any part of one and, in some
cases, to operate and maintain the system under the permit.
(103) "Permit Action" means an agent's
issuing, modifying, renewing, reinstating, or revoking a permit.
(104) "Person" includes individuals,
corporations, associations, firms, partnerships, joint stock companies, public
and municipal corporations, political subdivisions, the state and any of its
agencies, and the federal government and any of its agencies.
(105) "Pollution" or "Water Pollution" means
any alteration of the physical, chemical, or biological properties of any
waters of the state, including change in temperature, taste, color, turbidity,
silt, or odor of the waters, or any discharge of any liquid, gaseous, solid,
radioactive, or other substance into any waters of the state that, alone, or in
connection with any other substance, threatens to create a public nuisance or
render such waters harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety,
or welfare or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational
or other legitimate beneficial uses or to livestock, wildlife, fish, or other
aquatic life or their habitat.
(106) "Portable Toilet" means any
self-contained chemical toilet facility that is housed within a portable toilet
shelter and includes but is not limited to construction-type chemical toilets.
(107) "Portable Toilet Shelter"
means any readily relocatable structure built to house a toilet facility.
(108) "Pressure Distribution
Lateral" means piping and fittings in pressure distribution systems that
distribute septic tank or other treatment unit effluent to drain media through
small diameter orifices.
(109)
"Pressure Distribution Manifold" means piping and fittings in a pressure
distribution system that supply effluent from pressure transport piping to
pressure distribution laterals.
(110) "Pressure Distribution System" means
any system designed to uniformly distribute septic tank or other treatment unit
effluent under pressure in an absorption facility or treatment unit.
(111) "Pressure Transport Piping" means
piping that conveys sewage effluent from a septic tank or other treatment or
distribution unit typically by means of a pump or siphon.
(112) "Pretreatment" means the wastewater
treatment that takes place prior to discharging to any component of an onsite
wastewater treatment system, including but not limited to pH adjustment, oil
and grease removal, BOD5 and TSS reduction, screening, and detoxification.
(113) "Prior Approval" means a
written approval for an onsite wastewater treatment system for a specific lot
issued before January 1, 1974.
(114) "Prior Construction Permit" means a
subsurface wastewater treatment system construction-installation permit issued
before January 1, 1974, by a county that had an ordinance requiring
construction-installation permits for subsurface wastewater treatment systems.
(115) "Privy" means a structure
used for disposal of human waste without the aid of water. It consists of a
shelter built above a pit or vault in the ground into which human waste falls.
(116) "Projected Daily Sewage
Flow" or "design flow" means the peak daily quantity of sewage production from
a facility for which a system is sized and designed. The projected daily sewage
flow allows for a safety margin and reserve capacity for the system during
periods of heavy use.
(117) "Public
Health Hazard" means the presence of sufficient types or amounts of biological,
chemical, physical, or radiological agents relating to water or sewage that
cause, or threaten to cause, human illness, disorders, or disability. These
include but are not limited to pathogenic viruses, bacteria, parasites, toxic
chemicals, and radioactive isotopes.
(118) "Public Waters" means lakes, bays,
ponds, impounding reservoirs, springs, wells, rivers, streams, creeks,
estuaries, marshes, inlets, canals, the Pacific Ocean within the territorial
limits of the State of Oregon, and all other bodies of surface or underground
waters, natural or artificial, inland or coastal, fresh or salt, public or
private, except private waters that do not combine or effect a junction with
natural surface or underground waters, that are wholly or partially within or
bordering the state or within its jurisdiction.
(119) "Recirculating Gravel Filter (RGF)"
means a gravel filter wastewater treatment system in which a portion of the
filtered effluent is mixed with septic tank effluent in a
recirculation/dilution tank and redistributed to the filter.
(120) "Recirculating Gravel Filter System"
means a recirculating gravel filter and an absorption facility used to treat
wastewater.
(121) "Redundant
Absorption Field System" means a system in which two complete absorption fields
are installed, the absorption trenches of each system alternate with each
other, and only one system operates at a given time.
(122) "Repair" means installing all portions
of a system necessary to eliminate a public health hazard or pollution of
public waters a failing system creates.
(a)
Major repair is replacing the soil absorption facility, treatment unit, or any
part of it.
(b) Minor repair is
replacing a septic tank, broken pipe, distribution unit, or any part of the
onsite system external to the septic tank or treatment facility except the soil
absorption system. Unless classified as a major repair or major maintenance,
any replacement of a part of a system with a part that does not meet the
original design specifications is a minor repair.
(123) "Residential Strength Wastewater" means
septic tank effluent that does not typically exceed five-day biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD5) of 300 mg/L; total suspended solids (TSS) of 150 mg/L; total
Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of 150 mg/L; oil & grease of 25 mg/L; or
concentrations or quantities of other contaminants normally found in
residential sewage.
(124) "Sand
Filter Media" means a medium sand or other approved material used in a
conventional sand filter. The media must be durable and inert so that it will
maintain its integrity, will not collapse or disintegrate with time, and will
not be detrimental to the system's performance. The particle size distribution
of the media must be determined through a sieve analysis conducted under ASTM
C-117 and ASTM C-136. The media must comply with the following particle size
distribution: 100 percent passing the 3/8 inch sieve, 95 percent to 100 percent
passing the No. 4 sieve, 80 percent to 100 percent passing the No. 8 sieve, 45
percent to 85 percent passing the No. 16 sieve, 15 percent to 60 percent
passing the No. 30 sieve, 3 percent to 15 percent passing the No. 50 sieve, and
4 percent or less passing the No. 100 sieve.
(125) "Sand Filter Surface Area" means the
area of the level plane section in the medium sand horizon of a conventional
sand filter located 2 feet below the bottom of the drain media containing the
pressurized distribution piping.
(126) "Sand Filter System" means an
alternative system that combines a septic tank or other treatment unit; a
dosing system with effluent pump and controls or dosing siphon, piping and
fittings; a sand filter; and an absorption facility to treat wastewater.
(127) "Sanitary Drainage System"
means that part of a system's drainage piping that conveys untreated sewage
from a building or structure to a septic tank or other treatment facility, to a
service lateral at a curb or in a street or alley, or to another disposal
terminal holding human or domestic sewage. The sanitary drainage system
consists of a building drain or building drain and building sewer.
(128) "Saprolite" means weathered material
underlying the soil that grades from soft thoroughly decomposed rock to rock
that has been weathered sufficiently so that it can be broken in the hands or
cut with a knife. It has rock structure instead of soil structure and does not
include hard bedrock or hard fractured bedrock.
(129) "Saturated Zone" means a
three-dimensional layer, lens, or other section of the subsurface in which all
open spaces including joints, fractures, interstitial voids, and pores are
filled with groundwater. The thickness and extent of a saturated zone may vary
seasonally or periodically in response to changes in the rate or amount of
groundwater recharge or discharge.
(130) "Scum" means a mass of sewage solids
floating at the surface of sewage that is buoyed up by entrained gas, grease,
or other substances.
(131) "Seepage
Area" means "effective seepage area."
(132) "Seepage Bed" means an absorption
system having absorption trenches wider than 3 feet.
(133) "Seepage Pit" means a cesspool that has
a treatment facility such as a septic tank ahead of it.
(134) "Seepage Trench System" means a system
with absorption trenches with more than 6 inches of drain media below the
distribution pipe.
(135)
"Self-Contained Nonwater-Carried Waste Containment Facility" means a system in
which all waste is contained in a watertight receptacle, including but not
limited to vault privies, chemical toilets, combustion toilets, recirculating
toilets, and portable toilets.
(136) "Septage" means the domestic liquid and
solid sewage pumped from septic tanks, cesspools, holding tanks, vault toilets,
chemical toilets or other similar domestic sewage treatment components or
systems and other sewage sludge not derived at sewage treatment plants.
(137) "Septic Tank" means a
watertight receptacle that receives sewage from a sanitary drainage system and
is designed to separate solids from liquids, digest organic matter during a
period of detention, and allow the liquids to discharge to a second treatment
unit or to a soil absorption facility.
(138) "Septic Tank Effluent" means partially
treated sewage that is discharged from a septic tank.
(139) "Serial Distribution" means the
distribution of effluent to a set of absorption trenches constructed at
different elevations in which one trench at a time receives effluent in
consecutive order beginning with the uppermost trench by means of a drop box, a
serial overflow, or another approved distribution unit. The effluent in an
individual trench must reach a level of 2 inches above the distribution pipe
before effluent is distributed to the next lower trench.
(140) "Sewage" means water-carried human and
animal wastes, including kitchen, bath, and laundry wastes from residences,
buildings, industrial establishments, or other places, together with any
groundwater infiltration, surface waters, or industrial waste that may be
present.
(141) "Sewage Disposal
Service" means:
(a) Constructing onsite
wastewater treatment systems, including placing portable toilets, or any part
of one;
(b) Pumping out or cleaning
onsite wastewater treatment systems, including portable toilets, or any part of
one;
(c) Disposing of material
derived from pumping out or cleaning onsite wastewater treatment systems.
including portable toilets; or
(d)
Grading, excavating, and earth-moving work connected with the operations
described in subsection (a) of this section.
(142) "Sewage Stabilization Pond" means a
pond designed to receive the raw sewage flow from a dwelling or other building
and retain that flow for treatment without discharge.
(143) "Site Evaluation Report" means a report
on the evaluation of a site to determine its suitability for an onsite system
prepared under OAR 340-071-0150.
(144) "Slope" means the rate of fall or drop
in feet per 100 feet of the ground surface. It is expressed as percent of
grade.
(145) "Soil Permeability"
refers to the ability of a soil to transmit water or air.
(146) "Soil Separate" means the size of soil
particles described in Table 7. [Note: All tables are found in OAR
340-071-0800.]
(147) "Soil Texture" means the amount of each
soil separate in a soil mixture. Field methods for judging the texture of a
soil consist of forming a cast of soil, both dry and moist, in the hand and
pressing a ball of moist soil between thumb and finger.
(a) The major textural classifications are
defined as follows and shown in Table 6 [Note: All tables are found in OAR
340-071-0800.]:
(A) Sand: Individual grains can be seen and
felt readily. Squeezed in the hand when dry, this soil will fall apart when the
pressure is released. Squeezed when moist, it will form a cast that will hold
its shape when the pressure is released but will crumble when
touched.
(B) Loamy Sand: Consists
primarily of sand, but has enough silt and clay to make it somewhat cohesive.
The individual sand grains can readily be seen and felt. Squeezed when dry, the
soil will form a cast that will readily fall apart, but if squeezed when moist,
a cast can be formed that will withstand careful handling without
breaking.
(C) Sandy Loam: Consists
largely of sand, but has enough silt and clay present to give it a small amount
of stability. Individual sand grains can be readily seen and felt. Squeezed in
the hand when dry, this soil will readily fall apart when the pressure is
released. Squeezed when moist, it forms a cast that will not only hold its
shape when the pressure is released but will withstand careful handling without
breaking. The stability of the moist cast differentiates this soil from
sand.
(D) Loam: Consists of an even
mixture of the different sizes of sand and of silt and clay. It is easily
crumbled when dry and has a slightly gritty, yet fairly smooth feel. It is
slightly plastic. Squeezed in the hand when dry, it will form a cast that will
withstand careful handling. The cast formed of moist soil can be handled freely
without breaking.
(E) Silt Loam:
Consists of a moderate amount of fine grades of sand, a small amount of clay,
and a large quantity of silt particles. Lumps in a dry, undisturbed state
appear quite cloddy, but they can be pulverized readily; the soil then feels
soft and floury. When wet, silt loam runs together in puddles. Either dry or
moist, casts can be handled freely without breaking. When a ball of moist soil
is passing between thumb and finger, it will not press out into a smooth,
unbroken ribbon but will have a broken appearance.
(F) Clay Loam: Consists of an even mixture of
sand, silt, and clay that breaks into clods or lumps when dry. When a ball of
moist soil is pressed between the thumb and finger, it will form a thin ribbon
that will readily break, barely sustaining its own weight. The moist soil is
plastic and will form a cast that will withstand considerable handling.
(G) Silty Clay Loam: Consists of a
moderate amount of clay, a large amount of silt, and a small amount of sand. It
breaks into moderately hard clods or lumps when dry. When moist, a thin ribbon
or 1/8-inch wire can be formed between thumb and finger that will sustain its
weight and will withstand gentle movement.
(H) Silty Clay: Consists of even amounts of
silt and clay and very small amounts of sand. It breaks into hard clods or
lumps when dry. When moist, a thin ribbon or 1/8 inch or smaller wire formed
between thumb and finger will withstand considerable movement and deformation.
(I) Clay: Consists of large
amounts of clay and moderate to small amounts of sand and silt. It breaks into
very hard clods or lumps when dry. When moist, a thin, long ribbon or 1/16-inch
wire can be molded with ease. Fingerprints will show on the soil, and a dull to
bright polish is made on the soil by a shovel.
(b) Soil textural characteristics described
in the United States Department of Agriculture Textural Classification Chart
are incorporated here by reference. This textural classification chart is based
on the Standard Pipette Analysis as defined in the United States Department of
Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 1
(See Table 6). [Note: All tables are found in OAR
340-071-0800.]
(148) "Soil with Rapid or Very
Rapid Permeability" means:
(a) Soil that
contains 35 percent or more of coarse fragments 2 millimeters in diameter or
larger by volume with interstitial soil of sandy loam texture or coarser;
(b) Coarse textured soil defined
as loamy sand or sand in this rule; or
(c) Stones, cobbles, gravel, and rock
fragments with too little soil material to fill interstices larger than 1
millimeter in diameter.
(149) "Split Waste Method" means a process
where black waste sewage and graywater from the same dwelling or building are
managed by separate systems.
(150)
"Stabilized Dune" means a sand dune that is similar to an active dune except
that vegetative growth is dense enough to prevent blowing of sand. The surface
horizon is either covered by a mat of decomposed and partially decomposed
leaves, needles, roots, twigs, moss, or other vegetative material or contains
roots to a depth of at least 6 inches and has a color value of 3 or less.
(151) "Standard Subsurface System"
means an onsite wastewater treatment system consisting of a septic tank,
distribution unit, and absorption facility constructed under OAR
340-071-0220.
(152) "Steep Slope System" means a seepage
trench system installed on slopes greater than 30 percent and less than or
equal to 45 percent.
(153)
"Subsurface Absorption System" means the combination of a septic tank or other
treatment unit and an effluent sewer and absorption facility.
(154) "Subsurface Sewage Disposal" means
"subsurface wastewater treatment."
(155) "Subsurface Disposal System" means
"subsurface absorption system."
(156) "Subsurface Wastewater Treatment" means
dispersing wastewater from a septic tank or other treatment unit into the zone
of aeration to be further treated through physical, chemical, or biological
processes.
(157) "System" or
"onsite system" means "onsite wastewater treatment system."
(158) "Temporary Groundwater Table" means the
upper surface of a saturated zone that exists only on a seasonal or periodic
basis. Like a permanent groundwater table, the elevation of a temporary
groundwater table may fluctuate, but a temporary groundwater table and
associated saturated zone will dry up for a period of time each year.
(159) "Test Pit" means an open pit
dug to sufficient size and depth to permit thoroughly examining the soil to
evaluate its suitability for subsurface wastewater treatment.
(160) "Third-Party" means a consulting firm,
research institute, academic institute, or other similar entity with no vested
interest in the outcome of test results of a material, design, or technology
under evaluation.
(161) "Tile
Dewatering System" means an alternative system in which the absorption facility
is encompassed with field collection drainage tile to reduce and control a
groundwater table and create a zone of aeration below the bottom of the
absorption facility.
(162) "Toilet
Facility" means a fixture housed within a toilet room or shelter to receive
black waste.
(163) "Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen" (TKN) means the combination of ammonia and organic nitrogen,
excluding nitrate and nitrite nitrogen.
(164) "Total Nitrogen" (TN) means the sum of
all nitrogen forms.
(165) "Total
Suspended Solids" (TSS) means solids in wastewater that can be removed readily
by standard filtering procedures in a laboratory and reported as milligrams per
liter (mg/L).
(166) "Treatment"
means the alteration of the quality of wastewaters by physical, chemical, or
biological means or combination thereof to reduce potential degradation of
water quality or the environment and risk to public health.
(167) "Treatment Standard 1" means a 30-day
average of less than 20 mg/L of BOD5 and 20 mg/L of TSS. A 30-day average of
less than 17 mg/L of CBOD5 is acceptable in lieu of the BOD5 value.
(168) "Treatment Standard 2" means a 30-day
average of less than 20 mg/L of BOD5 and 20 mg/L of TSS, a 30-day geometric
mean of less than 400 fecal coliform per 100 milliliters, and a 30-day average
of 30 mg/L of TN. A 30-day average of less than 17 mg/L of CBOD5 is acceptable
in lieu of the BOD5 value.
(169)
"Turbidity" means the optical condition of waters caused by suspended or
dissolved particles or colloids that scatter and absorb light rays instead of
transmitting light in straight lines through the water column. Turbidity may be
expressed as nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) measured with a calibrated
turbidimeter.
(170) "Underdrain
Media" means the material placed under the sand filter media in a sand filter
and consists of clean, washed pea gravel with 100 percent passing the 1/2 inch
sieve, 18 to 100 percent passing the 1/4 inch sieve, 5 to 75 percent passing
the No. 4 sieve, 24 percent or less passing the No. 10 sieve, 2 percent or less
passing the No. 16 sieve, and 1 percent or less passing the No. 100 sieve.
(171) "Unstable Landforms" means
areas showing evidence of mass downslope movement such as debris flow,
landslides, rockfall, and hummock hill slopes with undrained depressions
upslope. Examples are landforms exhibiting slip surfaces roughly parallel to
the hillside; landslide scars and curving debris ridges; fences, trees, and
telephone poles that appear tilted; and tree trunks that bend uniformly as they
enter the ground. Active sand dunes are unstable landforms.
(172) "Vertisols" means a mineral soil
characterized by a high content of swelling-type clays that in dry seasons
cause the soils to develop deep, wide cracks.
(173) "WPCF Permit" means a Water Pollution
Control Facilities permit that has been issued under OAR chapter 340, divisions
045 or 071.
(174) "Wastewater"
means "sewage."
(175) "Zone of
Aeration" means the unsaturated zone that occurs below the ground surface and
above the point at which the upper limit of the water table exists.
Notes
Tables referenced are not included in rule text. All tables are found in OAR 340-071-0800.
Statutory/Other Authority: ORS 454.625 & 468.020
Statutes/Other Implemented: ORS 454.605 & 454.615
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