49 U.S. Code § 20109 - Employee protections
[1] So in original. Probably should be preceded by “subsection”.
[2] So in original. Probably should be preceded by “section”.
[3] So in original. The comma probably should not appear.
Historical and Revision Notes |
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Revised Section |
Source (U.S. Code) |
Source (Statutes at Large) |
20109(a) |
45:441(a). |
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, § 212(a)–(c)(1), (d); added Oct. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 96–423, § 10, 94 Stat. 1815. |
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45:441(e). |
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, § 212(e); added Oct. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 96–423, § 10, 94 Stat. 1815; Sept. 3, 1992, Pub. L. 102–365, § 5(b), 106 Stat. 975. |
20109(b) |
45:441(b). |
|
20109(c) |
45:441(c)(1). |
|
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45:441(c)(2). |
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, § 212(c)(2); added Oct. 10, 1980, Pub. L. 96–423, § 10, 94 Stat. 1815; restated June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 5(a), 102 Stat. 627. |
20109(d) |
45:441(d). |
|
20109(e) |
45:441(e). |
|
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45:441(f). |
Oct. 16, 1970, Pub. L. 91–458, 84 Stat. 971, § 212(f); added June 22, 1988, Pub. L. 100–342, § 5(b), 102 Stat. 627. |
In subsections (a) and (b), the words “railroad carrier” are substituted for “common carrier by railroad” because of the definition of “railroad carrier” in section 20102 of the revised title.
In subsection (a)(1), the words “under or” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b)(1)(B), before subclause (i), the words “the hazardous condition is of such a nature that” are omitted as surplus. The word “individual” is substituted for “person” as being more appropriate. In subclause (ii), the words “resort to” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b)(1)(C), the words “his apprehension of” are omitted as surplus.
In subsection (b)(2), the words “by a carrier . . . transported by railroad” are substituted for “by a railroad . . . transported by such railroad” for consistency in the revised title.
Subsection (d) is substituted for 45:441(d) for clarity and to eliminate unnecessary words.
Subsection (e)(2) is substituted for 45:441(f)(2) to eliminate unnecessary words.
2022—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “chapter 4 of title 5;” for “the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.; Public Law 95–452);”.
2008—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(a)(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(b)(1)(A), substituted “(a), (b), or (c)” for “(a) or (b)”.
Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(b)(1)(B), substituted “(d)(1)” for “(c)(1)”.
Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(b)(1)(C), substituted “(a), (b), or (c)” for “(a) or (b)”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(b)(2)(A), substituted “(d)” for “(c)”.
Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(b)(2)(B), (C), substituted “(d)” for “(c)” and “(d)(3)” for “(c)(3)” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(b)(2)(D), substituted “(d)” for “(c)”.
Subsecs. (f) to (j). Pub. L. 110–432, § 419(a)(1), redesignated subsecs. (e) to (i) as (f) to (j), respectively.
2007—Pub. L. 110–53 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (e) relating to prohibition against discharge or discrimination for filing of complaints or testifying, prohibition against discharge or discrimination for refusal to work because of hazardous conditions, dispute resolution, election of remedies, and nondisclosure of identity of employee who had provided information regarding a violation.
Pub. L. 117–58, div. B, title II, § 22424, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 752, provided that:
Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title IV, § 410, Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4887, provided that:
[For definitions of “railroad carrier” and “Secretary”, as used in section 410 of Pub. L. 110–432, set out above, see section 2(a) of Pub. L. 110–432, set out as a note under section 20102 of this title.]