Commerce refers generally to the activity of exchanging products, goods, and services for financial gain. The word commerce usually is used to mean economic activity broadly on a national or other large scale. Commerce can be used in many...
oil & gas
Commerce Clause
The Commerce Clause refers to Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U.S. Constitution, which gives Congress the power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among states, and with the Indian tribes.”
Congress has often...
energy
Overview:
For most of American history, the federal government did not play an active role in the energy industries. During the Great Depression and into the years of WWII, the federal government began to establish a fragmented regulatory...
environmental law
Environmental law refers to a variety of protections which share the goal of protecting the environment.
Federal LawThe National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was passed in 1970 along with the Environmental Quality...
excise tax
Excise Tax is a tax on a specific item, belonging to a special class of items. The classes of items are frequently specialty or luxury items, such as tobacco, fuel, and alcohol. Such taxes may be imposed on the manufacturer, retailer, or...
international environmental law
International environmental law (sometimes international ecological law) is a field of international law regulating the behavior of states and international organizations concerning the environment. See: Phillipe Sands, et al, Principles of...
liquefied natural gas rates
Liquefied natural gas rates are prices that natural gas companies charge for transportation or sale of liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG is natural gas that is cooled to its liquid state for safer and easier transportation or storage. Rates...
natural resources
Natural resources, as defined in the Code of Federal Regulations (40 C.F.R.), encompass land, fish, wildlife, biota, air, water, ground water, drinking water supplies, and other such resources belonging to, managed by, held in trust by,...
open mines doctrine
The open mines doctrine is a common law doctrine in property law that permits a life tenant to commit voluntary waste on a piece of land by depleting it of natural resources. The general rule is that a life tenant should avoid committing...
pollution
Pollution is the contamination of air, water, or earth by harmful substances. Concern for pollution developed alongside concerns for the environment. The advent of automobiles, increase of chemical and nuclear wastes, and accumulation of...