information
Information is factual data given context and meaning, then communicated as knowledge.
In criminal law, an information is a formal accusation filed by a prosecutor that initiates criminal proceedings. It outlines the alleged offenses and must be provided to the defendant at their first court appearance. This filing charges an individual or entity with a crime and serves a role similar to an indictment, but is issued by a prosecutor instead of a grand jury.
If the charge is a felony, a preliminary hearing must follow to determine whether there is enough evidence to proceed. In some cases, an information replaces a grand jury indictment or presentment. It may also appear in civil matters involving penalties or forfeitures. Procedures for using information are governed by state and federal laws.
See e.g., Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Title III. The Grand Jury, The Indictment, and the Information Rule 7. The Indictment and The Information; NY Crim Pro L § 100.45 (2024)
[Last reviewed in July of 2025 by the Wex Definitions Team]
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