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  1. LII
  2. U.S. Constitution Annotated
    FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
  • Section 1. Rights Guaranteed
    • The Fourteenth Amendment and States’ Rights
    • Citizens of the United States
    • Privileges or Immunities
    • Due Process of Law
      • Generally
      • Definitions
        • “Person”
        • “Property” and Police Power
        • “Liberty”
      • The Rise and Fall of Economic Substantive Due Process: Overview
      • Regulation of Labor Conditions
        • Liberty of Contract
        • Laws Regulating Working Conditions and Wages
        • Workers’ Compensation Laws
        • Collective Bargaining
      • Regulation of Business Enterprises: Price Controls
        • Types of Businesses That May be Regulated
        • Substantive Review of Price Controls
        • Early Limitations on Review
        • History of the Valuation Question
      • Regulation of Public Utilities and Common Carriers
        • In General
        • Compulsory Expenditures: Grade Crossings, and the Like
        • Compellable Services
        • Imposition of Statutory Liabilities and Penalties Upon Common Carriers
      • Regulation of Businesses, Corporations, Professions, and Trades
        • Generally
        • Laws Prohibiting Trusts, Restraint of Trade or Fraud
        • Banking, Wage Assignments, and Garnishment
        • Insurance
        • Miscellaneous Businesses and Professions
      • Protection of State Resources
        • Oil and Gas
        • Protection of Property and Agricultural Crops
        • Water, Fish, and Game
      • Ownership of Real Property: Rights and Limitations
        • Zoning and Similar Actions
        • Estates, Succession, Abandoned Property
      • Health, Safety, and Morals
        • Health
        • Safety
        • Morality
      • Vested and Remedial Rights
      • State Control over Local Units of Government
      • Taxing Power
        • Generally
      • Jurisdiction to Tax
        • Generally
        • Real Property
        • Tangible Personalty
        • Intangible Personalty
        • Transfer (Inheritance, Estate, Gift) Taxes
        • Corporate Privilege Taxes
        • Individual Income Taxes
        • Corporate Income Taxes: Foreign Corporations
        • Insurance Company Taxes
      • Procedure in Taxation
        • Generally
        • Notice and Hearing in Relation to Taxes
        • Notice and Hearing in Relation to Assessments
        • Collection of Taxes
        • Sufficiency and Manner of Giving Notice
        • Sufficiency of Remedy
        • Laches
      • Eminent Domain
      • Fundamental Rights (Noneconomic Substantive Due Process)
        • Determining Noneconomic Substantive Due Process Rights
        • Abortion
        • Privacy after Roe: Informational Privacy, Privacy of the Home or Personal Autonomy?
        • Family Relationships
        • Liberty Interests of People with Mental Disabilities: Civil Commitment and Treatment
        • “Right to Die”
    • Procedural Due Process: Civil
      • Generally
        • Relevance of Historical Use
        • Non-Judicial Proceedings
        • The Requirements of Due Process
      • The Procedure That Is Due Process
        • The Interests Protected: “Life, Liberty and Property”
        • The Property Interest
        • The Liberty Interest
        • Proceedings in Which Procedural Due Process Need Not Be Observed
        • What Process Is Due
      • Jurisdiction
        • Generally
        • In Personam Proceedings Against Individuals
        • Suing Out-of-State (Foreign) Corporations
        • Actions In Rem: Proceeding Against Property
        • Quasi in Rem: Attachment Proceedings
        • Actions in Rem: Estates, Trusts, Corporations
        • Notice: Service of Process
      • Power of the States to Regulate Procedure
        • Generally
        • Commencement of Actions
        • Defenses
        • Costs, Damages, and Penalties
        • Statutes of Limitation
        • Burden of Proof and Presumptions
        • Trials and Appeals
    • Procedural Due Process—Criminal
      • Generally: The Principle of Fundamental Fairness
      • The Elements of Due Process
        • Initiation of the Prosecution
        • Clarity in Criminal Statutes: The Void-for-Vagueness Doctrine
        • Entrapment
        • Criminal Identification Process
        • Fair Trial
        • Prosecutorial Misconduct
        • Proof, Burden of Proof, and Presumptions
        • The Problem of the Incompetent or Insane Defendant
        • Guilty Pleas
        • Sentencing
        • Corrective Process: Appeals and Other Remedies
        • Rights of Prisoners
        • Probation and Parole
        • The Problem of the Juvenile Offender
        • The Problem of Civil Commitment
    • Equal Protection of the Laws
      • Scope and Application
        • State Action
        • “Person”
        • “Within Its Jurisdiction”
      • Equal Protection: Judging Classifications by Law
        • The Traditional Standard: Restrained Review
        • The New Standards: Active Review
      • Testing Facially Neutral Classifications Which Impact on Minorities
    • Traditional Equal Protection: Economic Regulation and Related Exercises of the Police Power
      • Taxation
        • Classification for Purpose of Taxation
        • Foreign Corporations and Nonresidents
        • Income Taxes
        • Inheritance Taxes
        • Motor Vehicle Taxes
        • Property Taxes
        • Special Assessment
      • Police Power Regulation
        • Classification
      • Other Business and Employment Relations
        • Labor Relations
        • Monopolies and Unfair Trade Practices
        • Administrative Discretion
        • Social Welfare
        • Punishment of Crime
    • Equal Protection and Race
      • Overview
      • Education
        • Development and Application of “Separate But Equal”
        • Brown v. Board of Education
        • Brown’s Aftermath
        • Implementation of School Desegregation
        • Northern Schools: Inter- and Intradistrict Desegregation
        • Efforts to Curb Busing and Other Desegregation Remedies
        • Termination of Court Supervision
      • Juries
      • Capital Punishment
      • Housing
      • Other Areas of Discrimination
        • Transportation
        • Public Facilities
        • Marriage
        • Judicial System
        • Public Designation
        • Public Accommodations
        • Elections
      • “Affirmative Action”: Remedial Use of Racial Classifications
    • The New Equal Protection
      • Classifications Meriting Close Scrutiny
        • Alienage and Nationality
        • Sex
      • Illegitimacy
      • Fundamental Interests: The Political Process
        • Voter Qualifications
        • Access to the Ballot
        • Apportionment and Districting
        • Counting and Weighing of Votes
      • The Right to Travel
        • Durational Residency Requirements
      • Marriage and Familial Relations
      • Sexual Orientation
      • Poverty and Fundamental Interests: The Intersection of Due Process and Equal Protection
        • Generally
        • Criminal Procedure
        • The Criminal Sentence
        • Voting and Ballot Access
        • Access to Courts
        • Educational Opportunity
        • Abortion
  • Section 2. Apportionment of Representation
    • Apportionment of Representation
  • Sections 3 and 4. Disqualification and Public Debt
    • Disqualification and Public Debt
  • Section 5. Enforcement
    • Enforcement
      • Generally
      • State Action
      • Congressional Definition of Fourteenth Amendment Rights

U.S. Constitution Annotated

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