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- Section 1 Vesting Clause
- Overview of the Judicial Vesting Clause
- Historical Background of Judicial Review
- Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review
- Inherent Powers of Federal Courts
- Congressional Control over Judicial Power
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Federal and State Courts
- Overview of the Relationship Between Federal and State Courts
- Historical Background on the Relationship Between Federal and State Courts
- Doctrine on Federal and State Courts
- State Court Jurisdiction to Enforce Federal Law
- Supreme Court Review of State Court Interpretations of Federal Law
- Limits on State Court Control of Federal Proceedings
- Federal Non-Interference with State Jurisdiction
- The Exhaustion Doctrine and State Law Remedies
- Habeas Review
- Supreme Court Rulings
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Congressional Power to Establish Article III Courts
- Overview of Establishment of Article III Courts
- Historical Background on Establishment of Article III Courts
- Congressional Power to Establish the Supreme Court
- Establishment of Inferior Federal Courts
- Congressional Power to Abolish Federal Courts
- Congressional Power to Establish Courts of Specialized Jurisdiction
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Congressional Power to Establish Non-Article III Courts
- Overview of Congressional Power to Establish Non-Article III Courts
- Congressional Power to Structure Legislative Courts
- Supreme Court Review of Legislative Court Decisions
- District of Columbia and Territorial Courts
- Non-Article III Military Courts
- Legislative Courts Adjudicating Public Rights
- Article I Adjuncts to Article III Courts
- Bankruptcy Courts as Adjuncts to Article III Courts
- Consent to Article I Court Jurisdiction
- Federal Judiciary Protections
The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.