In Beasley v. Alabama State University, 966 F. Supp. 1117 (M.D. Ala. 1997), the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Alabama addressed systemic inequities in collegiate athletics under Title IX and the Fourteenth Amendment.
Law No. 21,197/2020 requires the adoption of protocols to prevent and address sexual harassment, sexual abuse, discrimination, and mistreatment in national sports. Its purpose is to foster a safe and inclusive environment for athletes and sports professionals by ensuring dignity and integrity in sporting activities. The law mandates that sports organizations develop comprehensive protocols, provide training for managers, technical staff, and athletes, and establish clear and transparent mechanisms for reporting, investigating, and sanctioning incidents.
Plaintiffs brought a class action lawsuit against Sweetwater Union School District (the “District”) and several individuals, alleging unequal participation opportunities for females at Castle Park High School (“CPHS”). Plaintiffs argued that Defendants violated Title IX’s provision that prohibits excluding or discriminating against anyone on the basis of sex in educational programs or activities that receive federal financial assistance. The court applied a three-part test to determine whether the District complied with Title IX which included: (1) substantially proportionate at
South Dakota Codified Laws § 13-67-1 requires all interscholastic, intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic teams sponsored by schools or organizations under the Board of Regents or the Board of Technical Education to be designated according to biological sex, as shown on a student’s birth certificate. Teams must be designated as female, male, or coeducational/mixed, and only female students based on biological sex may participate in any female-designated sports.
