Africa

This memorandum examines the particular problems that women and children confront as vulnerable victims and witnesses in sexual offenses cases in Tanzania.

This memorandum examines the rules governing forfeiture of proceeds of crime in Tanzania.

In a proceeding following a divorce, the appellant wife argued that she had married her husband under a regime of separate property. The court determined that a couple married under such a regime can only switch to a community property regime upon agreement between the parties, which had not occurred in this case.

Prosecutor v. Akayesu, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), Judgment of September 2, 1998, Appeal Judgment of June 1, 2001

Prosecutor v. Gacumbitsi, International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), Judgment of June 17, 2004, Appeal Judgment of July 7, 2006

Prosecutor v. Mpitabakana, Supreme Court of Rwanda – RPA 0129/10/CS, March 7, 2014 (Nyirinkwaya, P.J., Havugiyaremye & Mukamulisa, J.)

The purpose of the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act is to give effect to section 9 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, read in conjunction with item 23(1) of its sixth schedule. The effect of this is to prevent and prohibit unfair discrimination and harassment; to promote equality and eliminate unfair discrimination; to prevent and prohibit hate speech; and to provide for matters connected therewith.

Proposta do Programa Quinquenal do Governo 2015-2019 is a four year plan that highlights the need for specific attention towards issues of gender inequality, protection and empowerment of women, and education for women and children so that they can develop a more active role in civil society. The plan sets out to promote measures that strengthen gender equality and the rights of vulnerable peoples, as well as to spread knowledge on the rights of women and children.

Musema, the accused, was the director of a tea factory during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, and was accused of organizing and taking part in attacks on Tutsi communes.  The Trial Chamber found that Musema had taken part in at least four separate attacks, and that he personally participated in a rape and in so doing, had encouraged others to rape the victim.  Musema was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Mr. Semanza was a former mayor of Bicumbi commune, and was accused of aiding and abetting genocide in connection with two massacres of Tutsis.  He was specifically alleged to have directly participated in murder and torture, and for inciting a crowd to rape Tutsi women prior to killing them, and to have personally participated in the same.  The Trial Chamber found that Mr.