Ariz. Admin. Code § R18-9-A801 - Definitions
In addition to the definitions in A.R.S. § 49-201, the following terms apply to this Article:
1. "Action level"
means a value or criterion established in an Advanced Water Purification (AWP)
permit at a critical control point that, when exceeded, triggers a required
response or action to prevent a potentially hazardous event and will involve
actions or responses such as additional monitoring, treatment adjustments,
public notification or other corrective responses or actions.
2. "Acute exposure threats" means the
increased imminent risk of adverse health effects, including infectious
diseases and toxic effects from short-term exposures to contaminants in water
which triggers public notice pursuant to A.A.C.
R18-4-119, which incorporates
40 CFR §
141.201 by reference.
3. "ADEQ" or "Department" means Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality.
4. "Advanced Oxidation Process" or "AOP"
means a set of chemical treatment processes whereby oxidation of organic
contaminants occurs on a molecular level through reactions with hydroxyl
radicals or similarly aggressive radical oxidant species.
5. "Advanced treated water" means water
produced by an advanced water treatment facility (AWTF) and can be from one or
more AWTFs.
6. "Advanced Water
Purification" or "AWP" means the treatment or processing of treated wastewater
to advanced treated water standards for the purpose of delivery to a drinking
water treatment facility or a drinking water distribution system.
7. "Advanced Water Purification Responsible
Agency" or "AWPRA" means the applicant or permittee, comprising one or more
AWPRA Partners, responsible for compliance with the requirements of the AWP
program for a particular AWP project and formed pursuant to R18-9-B805. An
AWPRA must be a "person" under A.R.S. §
49-201(33).
8. "Advanced Water Purification Responsible
Agency Partner" or "AWPRA Partner" means any entity that collects or provides
treated wastewater to the AWP project, performs wastewater source control or
treatment pursuant to this Article, or utilizes AWP project water as a source
for delivery to a drinking water distribution system.
9. "Advanced Water Purification project" or
"AWP project" means all facilities related to the advanced treatment of treated
wastewater to drinking water standards operating under an AWP permit or
demonstration permit.
10. "AWP
project treatment train" means a treatment train designed to meet the
requirements contained in this Article. In addition to the advanced water
treatment facility (AWTF), portions of the water reclamation facility or
drinking water treatment facility can be part of an AWP project treatment
train.
11. "AWPRA facility" or
"facility" means a drinking water treatment facility, advanced water treatment
facility (AWTF), collection system, or wastewater treatment plant involved in
the production of advanced treated water or finished water under this
Article.
12. "Advanced Water
Treatment Facility" or "AWTF" means a facility where treated wastewater is
treated pursuant to the requirements of this article.
13. "Alert level" means a value or criterion
established in an AWP permit at a critical control point that, when exceeded,
alerts an operator that a potential problem may require a response.
14. "Amendment" means a change to the permit
language resulting from a modification event.
15. "Aquifer Protection Permit" or "APP"
means an individual permit or a general permit issued under A.R.S. §§
49-203,
49-241 through
49-252, and Articles 1, 2, and 3
of this Chapter.
16. "AWP" means
Advanced Water Purification (See R18-9-A801(6)).
17. "Barrier" means a measure (technical,
operational or managerial) implemented to control microbial or chemical
constituents in advanced treated water.
18. "Best Management Practices" or "Best
Practices" means a set of principles, guidelines and standards that an AWPRA
follows to ensure high levels of quality, safety, efficiency and reliability.
The principles, guidelines and standards in an AWP guidance document constitute
Best Management Practice or Best Practice.
19. "Bioassay" means tests performed using
live cell cultures or mixtures of cellular components in which the potency of a
chemical or water concentrate is tested based on its effect on a measurable
constituent, such as inhibition or the induction of a response (including
carcinogenicity and mutagenicity). Bioassays can be used to measure
synergistic, additive, and antagonistic interactions between compounds that may
be present in a mixture.
20.
"Blending" means the mixing of advanced treated water with another water source
that will result in raw water augmentation or treated water augmentation
directly to the distribution system. Blending does not apply to an Engineered
Storage Buffer where storage of only advanced treated water takes
place.
21. "Challenge test" means a
study comparing a pathogen, surrogate parameter, or indicator compound
concentration between the influent and effluent of a treatment process to
determine the removal capacity of the treatment process. The concentration in
the influent must be high enough to ensure that a measurable concentration is
detected in the effluent (i.e., filtrate detection limit).
22. "Chemical" means any substance, used in
or produced by a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules, that has a
defined composition and which is either naturally occurring or
manufactured.
23. "Chemical peak"
means an abnormal increase in the level of a chemical that represents a
potential human health hazard that is the result of intentional or
unintentional illicit discharges of chemicals to the sewershed. Chemical peaks
are different from normal facility variation in water quality.
24. "Compliance schedule" means a list of
required items assigned by the Department to the Permittee to be completed in
the AWP permit.
25. "Constituent of
Concern" means a potentially harmful or difficult to treat substance that could
cause treatment interference, pass-through, or a violation of a treatment
technique requirement, action level or Maximum Contaminant Level in the
advanced treated water or finished water. Constituents of concern include Tiers
1, 2, and 3 chemicals.
26.
"Constituent" means any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological
substance or matter found in water and/or wastewater.
27. "Continuous online analyzers" means a
monitoring sensor or device that monitors continuously or in real time
(intervals of 15 minutes or less) and is positioned directly in the process
flow or sample line to measure treatment performance.
28. "Critical Control Point" means a point in
the treatment train that is specifically designed to reduce, prevent, or
eliminate process failure, and for which controls exist to ensure the proper
performance of that process, verified via monitoring.
29. "Demonstration permit" means an AWP
permit that does not include distribution of finished water to drinking water
consumers.
30. "Department" means
the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.
31. "Direct integrity test" means a physical
test applied to a membrane unit in order to identify and isolate integrity
breaches, such as leaks that could result in contamination of the
filtrate.
32. "Director" means the
Director of the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.
33. "Disinfection treatment process" means a
treatment process that either physically or chemically eliminates or
inactivates pathogenic microorganisms.
34. "Distribution" means the act of
delivering finished water through a network of pipes or other constructed
conveyances from a facility to a consumer for human consumption.
35. "Distribution system" means the
infrastructure used to carry out distribution.
36. "Draft permit" means a preliminary draft
of a permit upon which the Director has not yet made a final permit
determination.
37. "Drinking Water
Treatment Facility" means a water treatment facility that is designed and
operated to meet the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act.
38. "Engineered Storage Buffer" means a
storage facility used to provide retention time before advanced treated water
is introduced into a drinking water treatment facility or distribution
system.
39. "Enhanced Source
Control" means a program that enables the AWPRA to prevent constituents of
concern, including target chemicals, from negatively impacting the AWTF, or the
water it produces, by controlling them at their source.
40. "Exceedance" means an increase in the
concentration of a constituent of concern beyond an established level such as
an MCL, alert level, or action level.
41. "Excursion" means a deviation from
established water quality boundaries for a process or at any point in a
treatment train.
42. "Failure"
means a condition in which an excursion or loss of performance occurs in one or
more of the unit processes that results in a treatment train to not meet a
performance metric or deviate from an approved operational range for
parameters, necessitating a shutdown of a specific train or the entire plant
for compliance.
43. "Failure
Response Time" means the maximum possible time from when a failure occurs in
the treatment system to when the quality of the final product water is no
longer affected by the failure. Failure response time is calculated as a sum of
the sampling interval, sample turnaround time and system reaction time, with
overall failure response time based on the treatment process with the highest
individual failure response time.
44. "Filtration treatment process" means a
treatment process that physically separates a constituent of concern from
water.
45. "Finished water" or
"finished drinking water" means water produced by an AWTF, or a drinking water
treatment facility, and which is introduced into a distribution system or
served for human consumption without additional treatment, except for measures
required to uphold water quality within the distribution system.
46. "Full scale" means the complete
implementation and operation of an AWP system that is designed to treat treated
wastewater to advanced treated water or finished water standards and to meet
the finished water demand of the community.
47. "Good engineering practice" means a set
of principles, guidelines, and standards that engineers follow to ensure their
work meets high levels of quality, safety, efficiency and reliability. The
principles, guidelines, and standards in an ADEQ-issued AWP guidance document
constitute good engineering practice.
48. "Health Advisory" or "HA" means an
estimate of acceptable levels for a chemical substance in drinking water based
on health effects information that is:
a.
Published by EPA;
b. Established in
credible peer-reviewed literature or state or Federal databases;
c. Established by the Department;
or
d. Established by another
state's drinking water program as a "notification level".
49. "Impactful non-domestic dischargers"
means a non-domestic discharger that has been determined by the AWPRA to
discharge in such a way that will or does significantly impact the AWPRA's
treatment processes and may or does significantly impact public health. Such
determinations are made through a significant impact analysis pursuant to
R18-9-E824(C).
50. "Indicator
compound" or "Indicator" or "Performance Based Indicator" means a chemical
found in treated wastewater that serves as a representative substance for a
particular group of trace organic compounds, embodying their physical,
chemical, and biodegradation properties.
51. "Initial Source Water Characterization"
or "ISWC" means baseline monitoring of chemicals and pathogens performed on the
treated wastewater effluent of a Water Reclamation Facility pursuant to
R18-9-C814.
52. "Interference"
means a discharge which alone, or in conjunction with a discharge or discharges
from other sources, both:
a. inhibits or
disrupts the Water Reclamation Facility or the Advanced Water Treatment
Facility, and
b. is the cause of a
violation of any requirement of the AWP permit.
53. "Local limit" means a set of specific,
local, relevant, and enforceable limits, control measures, and best management
practices established to protect AWPRA Facilities from pass-through or
interference that could result in a threat to public health.
54. "Log reduction value" means the measure
of a treatment train's or a treatment process's ability to remove or inactivate
microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa and viruses. A log reduction value is
the log reduction validated or credited for a treatment process or treatment
train.
55. "Log reduction" means
the logarithm base 10 of the ratio of the levels of a pathogenic organism or
other contaminant before and after treatment or a reduction in the
concentration of a contaminant or microorganism by a factor of 10. One log
reduction corresponds to a 90-percent reduction from the original
concentration.
56. "Maximum
Contaminant Level" or "MCL" has the same meaning set forth in Title 18, Chapter
4, Article 1 of this Title.
57.
"Modification" means a change or changes to the treatment train or operations
or any other component that will result in a change in the water quality of any
process, unit of operation or to the advanced treated water or finished
water.
58. "Municipal wastewater"
means wastewater that contains predominantly domestic waste and may include
commercial and industrial waste.
59. "Non-domestic sources" means both
industrial and commercial sources.
60. "National Pretreatment Program" or "NPP"
means the federal program referred to by this name under the Clean Water Act
that is meant to protect infrastructure and receiving waters to a fishable and
swimmable standard. The NPP is designed to reduce conventional and toxic
pollutant levels discharged by industries and other non-domestic wastewater
sources into municipal sewer systems and into the environment. The National
Pretreatment Program's implementing regulations are found at Title 40 of the
Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 122, 123, 124, and 403 and chapter I,
subchapter N.
61. "National
Pretreatment Program AWPRA" or "NPP AWPRA" means an AWPRA subject to
R18-9-C813(B).
62. "Non-National
Pretreatment Program AWPRA" or "Non-NPP AWPRA" means an AWPRA subject to
R18-9-C813(C).
63.
"Off-specification water" or "off-spec water" means water that has a quality
that does not meet standards such as drinking water MCLs or other AWP
programmatic requirements such as standards associated with surrogates or
indicators.
64. "Operational
barrier" means a barrier in the form of measures, including operations and
monitoring plans, failure and response plans, as well as operator training and
certification.
65. "Operational
parameter" means a measurable property used to characterize or partially
characterize the operation of a treatment process and must confirm the
treatment barriers are intact to ensure the process is meeting the water
quality and pathogen/chem-ical removal goals.
66. "Original drinking water" means drinking
water that was being distributed prior to the introduction of advanced treated
water or finished water.
67.
"Oxidized wastewater" means wastewater that is treated to a level beyond simple
removal of floating and suspended solids and meets the secondary treatment
levels as described in R18-9-B204(B)(1).
68. "Ozone with biologically active
filtration" or "Ozone/BAC" means an ozonation process immediately followed by
biologically activated carbon.
69.
"Pass-through" means the occurrence of a constituent of concern exiting Water
Reclamation Facilities or Advanced Water Treatment Facilities in quantities or
concentrations that have a significant potential to have serious adverse public
health effects or to cause a violation of a treatment technique requirement, an
action level or an MCL in the advanced treated water or finished
water.
70. "Pathogen" means a
microorganism such as bacteria, virus, or protozoa that can cause human
illness.
71. "Pilot Study" or
"Pilot train" or "Pilot" means a preliminary study and treatment train, of any
scale representative to the fullscale facility, which is conducted to evaluate
the feasibility, duration, cost, adverse events, and to improve upon the study
design prior to performance of a full-scale project.
72. "Potentially impactful non-domestic
discharger" means a non-domestic discharger that has been determined by the
AWPRA to pose a potential to adversely impact treatment processes or the public
health or which otherwise must be identified and tracked by the AWPRA pursuant
to R18-9-E824(B)(4).
73. "Product
water" means water exiting a specific treatment process or a combination of
treatment processes.
74. "Public
water system" has the same definition as the one incorporated by reference at
A.A.C. R18-4-103 (40 CFR
141.2).
75. "Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction"
or "qPCR" means a PCR-based technique that couples amplification of a target
DNA sequence with quantification of the concentration of that DNA species in
the reaction.
76. "Raw wastewater"
means wastewater that is entering a Water Reclamation Facility via a sewage
collection system and which has not undergone any centralized treatment. For
the purposes of pathogen log removal, raw wastewater means wastewater prior to
any point in a wastewater treatment process that may be credited for
disinfection.
77. "Raw water
augmentation" means introducing advanced treated water into the raw water
supply upstream of a drinking water treatment facility.
78. "Real time monitoring" or "online
monitoring" means treatment performance monitoring using instruments directly
in the process flow or sample line that occurs continuously or
semi-continuously in intervals of 15 minutes or less.
79. "Recalcitrant Total Organic Carbon" or
"rTOC" means the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) found in finished water, which once
used or consumed becomes wastewater. rTOC is unlike anthropogenic TOC present
in wastewater because it may not be effectively eliminated by the Water
Reclamation Facility, which leaves it as a constituent of the TOC in the
treated wastewater.
80.
"Redundancy" means the use of multiple treatment barriers to attenuate the same
type of constituent, so that if one barrier fails, performs inadequately, or is
taken offline for maintenance, the overall system will still perform
effectively, reducing risk.
81.
"Reference Dose" or "RfD" means an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps
an order of magnitude) of a daily oral exposure to the human population
(including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable
risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.
82. "Reference pathogens" means Enteric
viruses (specifically norovirus), Giardia lamblia cysts, and Cryptosporidium
oocysts.
83. "Reliability" means
the ability of a treatment process or treatment train to consistently achieve
the desired degree of treatment, based on its inherent redundancy, robustness,
and resilience.
84. "Resilience"
means the ability of a treatment train to adapt successfully and restore
performance rapidly when failure occurs.
85. "Robustness" means the ability of an AWP
system to address a broad variety of constituents and changes in the
concentrations of the constituents in the source water and resist a
failure.
86. "Safe Drinking Water
Act" means the Safe Drinking Water Act (Pub. L. 93-523, as amended;
42 U.S.C.
300f et seq.).
87. "SCADA" or "SCADA System" means
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system.
88. "Secondary treatment" means treated
wastewater that meets the following treatment levels:
a. Five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)
less than 30 mg/l (30-day average) and 45 mg/l (seven-day average), or
carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5) less than 25 mg/l (30-day
average) or 40 mg/l (seven-day average);
b. Total suspended solids (TSS) less than 30
mg/l (30-day average) and 45 mg/l (seven-day average);
c. pH maintained between 6.0 and 9.0 standard
units; and
d. A removal efficiency
of 85 percent for BOD5, CBOD5, and TSS.
89. "Source water" means water that is
characterized for chemical constituents and pathogens based on which treatment
or source control is designed.
90.
"Surrogate parameter" or "Surrogate" means a measurable chemical or physical
property, microorganism, or chemical that has been demonstrated to provide a
direct correlation with the concentration of an indicator compound or pathogen;
that may be used to monitor the efficacy of constituent reduction by a
treatment process; and/or that provides an indication of a treatment process
failure.
91. "Target chemical"
means any unregulated chemical causing a potential human health concern that
may be present in the treated wastewater.
92. "Tier 1 chemicals" means contaminants
regulated as Primary Drinking Water Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) under 40
CFR Part 141 of the Safe Drinking Water Act, as incorporated by reference in
R18-4-102, including MCLs and treatment techniques.
93. "Tier 2 chemicals" means AWP-specific
contaminants pursuant to R18-9-E826 that are not regulated in the Safe Drinking
Water Act, but may be present in treated wastewater and may pose human health
concerns.
94. "Tier 3 chemicals"
means Performance Based Indicators that are used to monitor the performance of
AWP treatment trains.
95. "Total
Organic Carbon" or "TOC" means the amount of organic carbon in a
sample.
96. "Trace Organic
Compounds" or "TOrCs" means a category of compounds such as pharmaceuticals,
personal care products, and hormones.
97. "Treated wastewater" means any water or
wastewater source of predominantly municipal origin coming from a Water
Reclamation Facility and going to an Advanced Water Treatment Facility that has
undergone treated wastewater characterization for either enhanced wastewater
treatment or secondary wastewater treatment. For the purposes of the AWP
program, treated wastewater originates from a Water Reclamation Facility that
has liquid stream treatment processes that, at a minimum, are designed and
operated to produce oxidized wastewater that achieves a defined source water
quality for the purpose of additional treatment by an Advanced Water Treatment
Facility.
98. "Treated water
augmentation" means finished drinking water from an AWTF, permitted as a
drinking water treatment facility, which is directly introduced into a
distribution system for human consumption.
99. "Treatment barrier" means a barrier in
constant operation, such as a physical barrier, that can be credited with
treatment performance.
100.
"Treatment interference" or "interference" means a discharge from a
non-domestic source which, alone or in conjunction with a discharge or
discharges from other sources, inhibits or disrupts the AWPRA's treatment
processes or operations and has significant potential for adverse public health
consequences or significant potential to cause a violation of an action level,
treatment technique or an MCL in advanced treated water or finished
water.
101. "Treatment mechanism"
means a physical, chemical, or biological action within each treatment process
that reduces the concentration of a pathogen or a chemical
contaminant.
102. "Treatment
process" means a sequence of physical, chemical, or biological procedures
applied to municipal wastewater or treated wastewater to remove pathogens
and/or chemical constituents.
103.
"Treatment technique" means a required process intended to reduce the level of
a contaminant in water and/or drinking water.
104. "Treatment train" means a grouping of
physical, chemical, and biological treatment technologies or processes that
conditions or treats water to achieve a specific water quality goal.
105. "Upset" means unintentional and
temporary non-compliance with a performance metric resulting in an excursion or
loss of performance in one or more of the unit processes.
106. "Water Reclamation Facility" or
"Wastewater Treatment Plant" means an arrangement of devices and structures for
collecting, treating, neutralizing, stabilizing, or disposing of domestic
wastewater, industrial wastes, and biosolids. For the purposes of the AWP
program, a wastewater treatment plant does not include industrial wastewater
treatment plants or complexes whose primary function is the treatment of
industrial wastes.
107. "10-4
cancer risk" means the concentration of a chemical in drinking water
corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in
10,000.
Notes
State regulations are updated quarterly; we currently have two versions available. Below is a comparison between our most recent version and the prior quarterly release. More comparison features will be added as we have more versions to compare.
No prior version found.