Haw. Code R. § 11-265-1033 - Standards: Closed-vent systems and control devices
(a)
(1) Owners or operators of closed-vent
systems and control devices used to comply with provisions of this chapter
shall comply with the provisions of this section.
(2)
(i) The
owner or operator of an existing facility who cannot install a closed-vent
system and control device to comply with the provisions of this subchapter on
the effective date that the facility becomes subject to the provisions of this
subchapter must prepare an implementation schedule that includes dates by which
the closed-vent system and control device will be installed and in operation.
The controls must be installed as soon as possible, but the implementation
schedule may allow up to thirty months after the effective date that the
facility becomes subject to this subchapter for installation and
startup.
(ii) Any unit that begins
operation after December 21, 1990, and is subject to the requirements of this
subchapter when operation begins, must comply with the rules immediately (i.e.,
must have control devices installed and operating on startup of the affected
unit); the 30-month implementation schedule does not apply,
(iii) The owner or operator of any facility
in existence on the effective date of a statutory or regulatory amendment that
renders the facility subject to this subchapter shall comply with all
requirements of this subchapter as soon as practicable but no later than 30
months after the amendment's effective date. When control equipment required by
this subchapter can not be installed and begin operation by the effective date
of the amendment, the facility owner or operator shall prepare an
implementation schedule that includes the following information: Specific
calendar dates for award of contracts or issuance of purchase orders for the
control equipment, initiation of on-site installation of the control equipment,
completion of the control equipment installation, and performance of any
testing to demonstrate that the installed equipment meets the applicable
standards of this subchapter. The owner or operator shall enter the
implementation schedule in the operating record or in a permanent, readily
available file located at the facility,
(iv) Owners and operators of facilities and
units that become newly subject to the requirements of this subchapter after
December 8, 1997, due to an action other than those described in subparagraph
(a)(2)(iii) must comply with all applicable requirements immediately (i.e.,
must have control devices installed and operating on the date the facility or
unit becomes subject to this subchapter; the 30-month implementation schedule
does not apply).
(b) A control device involving vapor recovery
(e.g., a condenser or adsorber) shall be designed and operated to recover the
organic vapors vented to it with an efficiency of ninety-five weight percent or
greater unless the total organic emission limits of paragraph 11-265-1032(a)(1)
for all affected process vents can be attained at an efficiency less than
ninety-five weight percent.
(c) An
enclosed combustion device (e.g., a vapor incinerator, boiler, or process
heater) shall be designed and operated to reduce the organic emissions vented
to it by ninety-five weight percent or greater; to achieve a total organic
compound concentration of twenty ppmv, expressed as the sum of the actual
compounds, not carbon equivalents, on a dry basis corrected to three percent
oxygen; or to provide a minimum residence time of 0.50 seconds at a minimum
temperature of seven-hundred and sixty degrees Celsius. If a boiler or process
heater is used as the control device, then the vent stream shall be introduced
into the flame combustion zone of the boiler or process heater.
(d)
(1) A
flare shall be designed for and operated with no visible emissions as
determined by the methods specified in paragraph (e)(1), except for periods not
to exceed a total of five minutes during any two consecutive hours.
(2) A flare shall be operated with a flame
present at all times, as determined by the methods specified in subparagraph
(f) (2) (iii).
(3) A flare shall be
used only if the net heating value of the gas being combusted is 11.2 MJ/scm
(300 Btu/scf) or greater, if the flare is steam-assisted or air-assisted; or if
the net heating value of the gas being combusted is 7.45 MJ/scm (200 Btu/scf)
or greater if the flare is nonassisted. The net heating value of the gas being
combusted shall be determined by the methods specified in paragraph
(e)(2).
(4)
(i) A steam-assisted or nonassisted flare
shall be designed for and operated with an exit velocity, as determined by the
methods specified in paragraph (e)(3), of less than 18.3 m/s (60 ft/s), except
as provided in subparagraphs (d)(4)(ii) and (d) (4) (iii).
(ii) A steam-assisted or nonassisted flare
designed for and operated with an exit velocity, as determined by the methods
specified in paragraph (e)(3), equal to or greater than 18.3 m/s (60 ft/s) but
less than 122 m/s (400 ft/s) is allowed if the net heating value of the gas
being combusted is greater than 37.3 MJ/scm (1,000 Btu/scf).
(iii) A steam-assisted or nonassisted flare
designed for and operated with an exit velocity, as determined by the methods
specified in paragraph (e)(3), less than the velocity,
Vmax, as determined by the method specified in paragraph
(e)(4), and less than 122 m/s (400 ft/s) is allowed.
(5) An air-assisted flare shall be designed
and operated with an exit velocity less than the velocity,
Vmax, as determined by the method specified in paragraph
(e)(5).
(6) A flare used to comply
with this section shall be steam-assisted, air-assisted, or
nonassisted.
(e)
(1) Reference Method 22 in 40 CFR Part
60(1998) shall be used to determine the compliance of a flare with the visible
emission provisions of this subchapter. The observation period is two hours and
shall be used according to Method 22.
(2) The net heating value of the gas being
combusted in a flare shall be calculated using the following equation:
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where:
HT=Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm; where the net enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on combustion at twenty-five degrees Celsius and seven-hundred and sixty mm Hg, but the standard temperature for determining the volume corresponding to one mol is twenty degrees Celsius;
K=Constant, 1.74X10-7 (1/ppm) (g mol/scm) (MJ/kcal) where standard temperature for (g mol/scm) is twenty degrees Celsius;
C1=Concentration of sample component i in ppm on a wet basis, as measured for organics by Reference Method 18 in 40 CFR Part 60 (1998) and measured for hydrogen and carbon monoxide by ASTM D 1946-82 (incorporated by reference as specified in section 11-260-11); and
H1=Net heat of combustion of sample component i, kcal/g mol at twenty-five degrees Celsius and seven-hundred and sixty mm Hg. The heats of combustion may be determined using ASTM D 2382-83 (incorporated by reference as specified in section 11-260-11) if published values are not available or cannot be calculated.
(3) The actual exit velocity of a flare shall
be determined by dividing the volumetric flow rate (in units of standard
temperature and pressure), as determined by Reference Methods 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D
in 40 CFR Part 60(1998) as appropriate, by the unobstructed (free)
cross-sectional area of the flare tip.
(4) The maximum allowed velocity in m/s,
Vmax, for a flare complying with subparagraph
(d)(4)(iii) shall be determined by the following equation:
Log10(Vmax) = (HT+28.8)/31.7
where:
HT=The net heating value as determined in paragraph (e)(2).
28.8=Constant,
31.7=Constant.
(5) The maximum allowed velocity in m/s,
Vmax, for an air-assisted flare shall be determined by
the following equation:
Vmax = 8.706 + 0.7084 (HT)
where: 8.706 = Constant.
0.7084 = Constant.
HT = The net heating value as determined in paragraph (e)(2).
(f) The owner or operator shall monitor and
inspect each control device required to comply with this section to ensure
proper operation and maintenance of the control device by implementing the
following requirements:
(1) Install,
calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications
a flow indicator that provides a record of vent stream flow from each affected
process vent to the control device at least once every hour. The flow indicator
sensor shall be installed in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to
the control device inlet, but before being combined with other vent
streams.
(2) Install, calibrate,
maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's specifications a device
to continuously monitor control device operation as specified below:
(i) For a thermal vapor incinerator, a
temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device
shall have an accuracy of +1 percent of the temperature being monitored in
degrees Celsius or +0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. The temperature
sensor shall be installed at a location in the combustion chamber downstream of
the combustion zone.
(ii) For a
catalytic vapor incinerator, a temperature monitoring device equipped with a
continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring temperature at
two locations and have an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature
being monitored in degrees Celsius or ±0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is
greater. One temperature sensor shall be installed in the vent stream at the
nearest feasible point to the catalyst bed inlet and a second temperature
sensor shall be installed in the vent stream at the nearest feasible point to
the catalyst bed outlet,
(iii) For
a flare, a heat sensing monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder
that indicates the continuous ignition of the pilot flame.
(iv) For a boiler or process heater having a
design heat input capacity less than forty-four MW, a temperature monitoring
device equipped with a continuous recorder. The device shall have an accuracy
of ±1 percent of the temperature being monitored in degrees Celsius or
±0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. The temperature sensor shall
be installed at a location in the furnace downstream of the combustion
zone.
(v) For a boiler or process
heater having a design heat input capacity greater than or equal to forty-four
MW, a monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure a
parameter(s) that indicates good combustion operating practices are being
used.
(vi) For a condenser, either:
(A) A monitoring device equipped with a
continuous recorder to measure the concentration level of the organic compounds
in the exhaust vent stream from the condenser; or
(B) A temperature monitoring device equipped
with a continuous recorder. The device shall be capable of monitoring
temperature with an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being
monitored in degrees Celsius or ±0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is
greater. The temperature sensor shall be installed at a location in the exhaust
vent stream from the condenser exit (i.e., product side).
(vii) For a carbon adsorption system such as
a fixed-bed carbon adsorber that regenerates the carbon bed directly in the
control device, either:
(A) A monitoring
device equipped with a continuous recorder to measure the concentration level
of the organic compounds in the exhaust vent stream from the carbon bed,
or
(B) A monitoring device equipped
with a continuous recorder to measure a parameter that indicates the carbon bed
is regenerated on a regular, predetermined time cycle.
(3) Inspect the readings from each
monitoring device required by paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) at least once each
operating day to check control device operation and, if necessary, immediately
implement the corrective measures necessary to ensure the control device
operates in compliance with the requirements of this section.
(g) An owner or operator using a
carbon adsorption system such as a fixed-bed carbon adsorber that regenerates
the carbon bed directly onsite in the control device, shall replace the
existing carbon in the control device with fresh carbon at a regular,
predetermined time interval that is no longer than the carbon service life
established as a requirement of clause 11-265-1035(b) (4) (iii) (F).
(h) An owner or operator using a carbon
adsorption system such as a carbon canister that does not regenerate the carbon
bed directly onsite in the control device shall replace the existing carbon in
the control device with fresh carbon on a regular basis by using one of the
following procedures:
(1) Monitor the
concentration level of the organic compounds in the exhaust vent stream from
the carbon adsorption system on a regular schedule and replace the existing
carbon with fresh carbon immediately when carbon breakthrough is indicated. The
monitoring frequency shall be daily or at an interval no greater than twenty
percent of the time required to consume the total carbon working capacity
established as a requirement of clause 11-265-1035(b) (4) (iii) (G), whichever
is longer.
(2) Replace the existing
carbon with fresh carbon at a regular, predetermined time interval that is less
than the design carbon replacement interval established as a requirement of
clause 11-265-1035(b) (4) (iii) (G).
(i) An owner or operator of an affected
facility seeking to comply with the provisions of this chapter by using a
control device other than a thermal vapor incinerator, catalytic vapor
incinerator, flare, boiler, process heater, condenser, or carbon adsorption
system is required to develop documentation including sufficient information to
describe the control device operation and identify the process parameter or
parameters that indicate proper operation and maintenance of the control
device.
(j) A closed-vent system
shall meet either of the following design requirements:
(1) A closed-vent system shall be designed to
operate with no detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of
less than 500 ppmv above background as determined by the procedure in section
11-265-1034(b), and by visual inspections; or
(2) A closed-vent system shall be designed to
operate at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The system shall be equipped
with at least one pressure gauge or other pressure measurement device that can
be read from a readily accessible location to verify that negative pressure is
being maintained in the closed-vent system when the control device is
operating.
(k) The owner
or operator shall monitor and inspect each closed-vent system required to
comply with this section to ensure proper operation and maintenance of the
closed-vent system by implementing the following requirements:
(l) Each closed-vent system that is used to
comply with paragraph (j)(1) shall be inspected and monitored in accordance
with the following requirements:
(i) An
initial leak detection monitoring of the closed-vent system shall be conducted
by the owner or operator on or before the date that the system becomes subject
to this section. The owner or operator shall monitor the closed-vent system
components and connections using the procedures specified in section
11-265-1034(b) to demonstrate that the closed-vent system operates with no
detectable emissions, as indicated by an instrument reading of less than 500
ppmv above background.
(ii) After
initial leak detection monitoring required in subparagraph (k)(1)(i), the owner
or operator shall inspect and monitor the closed-vent system as follows:
(A) Closed-vent system joints, seams, or
other connections that are permanently or semipermanently sealed (e.g., a
welded joint between two sections of hard piping or a bolted and gasketed
ducting flange) shall be visually inspected at least once per year to check for
defects that could result in air pollutant emissions. The owner or operator
shall monitor a component or connection using the procedures specified in
section 11-265-1034(b) to demonstrate that it operates with no detectable
emissions following any time the component is repaired or replaced (e.g., a
section of damaged hard piping is replaced with new hard piping) or the
connection is unsealed (e.g., a flange is unbolted).
(B) Closed-vent system components or
connections other than those specified in clause (k)(1)(ii)(A) shall be
monitored annually and at other times as requested by the director, except as
provided for in subsection (n), using the procedures specified in section
11-265-1034(b) to demonstrate that the components or connections operate with
no detectable emissions.
(iii) In the event that a defect or leak is
detected, the owner or operator shall repair the defect or leak in accordance
with the requirements of paragraph (k) (3).
(iv) The owner or operator shall maintain a
record of the inspection and monitoring in accordance with the requirements
specified in section 11-265-1035.
(2) Each
closed-vent system that is used to comply with paragraph (j)(2) shall be
inspected and monitored in accordance with the following requirements:
(i) The closed-vent system shall be visually
inspected by the owner or operator to check for defects that could result in
air pollutant emissions. Defects include, but are not limited to, visible
cracks, holes, or gaps in ductwork or piping or loose connections.
(ii) The owner or operator shall perform an
initial inspection of the closed-vent system on or before the date that the
system becomes subject to this section. Thereafter, the owner or operator shall
perform the inspections at least once every year.
(iii) In the event that a defect or leak is
detected, the owner or operator shall repair the defect in accordance with the
requirements of paragraph (k) (3).
(iv) The owner or operator shall maintain a
record of the inspection and monitoring in accordance with the requirements
specified in section 11-265-1035.
(3) The owner or operator shall repair all
detected defects as follows:
(i) Detectable
emissions, as indicated by visual inspection, or by an instrument reading
greater than 500 ppmv above background, shall be controlled as soon as
practicable, but not later than 15 calendar days after the emission is
detected, except as provided for in subparagraph (k) (3) (iii).
(ii) A first attempt at repair shall be made
no later than 5 calendar days after the emission is detected.
(iii) Delay of repair of a closed-vent system
for which leaks have been detected is allowed if the repair is technically
infeasible without a process unit shutdown, or if the owner or operator
determines that emissions resulting from immediate repair would be greater than
the fugitive emissions likely to result from delay of repair. Repair of such
equipment shall be completed by the end of the next process unit
shutdown.
(iv) The owner or
operator shall maintain a record of the defect repair in accordance with the
requirements specified in section 11-265-1035.
(1) Closed-vent systems and control devices
used to comply with provisions of this subchapter shall be operated at all
times when emissions may be vented to them.
(m) The owner or
operator using a carbon adsorption system to control air pollutant emissions
shall document that all carbon that is a hazardous waste and that is removed
from the control device is managed in one of the following manners, regardless
of the average volatile organic concentration of the carbon:
(1) Regenerated or reactivated in a thermal
treatment unit that meets one of the following:
(i) The owner or operator of the unit has
been issued either a final permit under 40 CFR part 270 which implements the
requirements of 40 CFR part 264, subpart X or a State hazardous waste permit
under section 11-271-15 which implements the requirements of chapter 11-264,
subchapter X; or
(ii) The unit is
equipped with an operating air emission controls in accordance with the
applicable requirements of subchapters AA and CC of either this chapter or of
chapter 11-264; or
(2)
Incinerated in a hazardous waste incinerator for which the owner or operator
either:
(i) Has been issued either a final
permit under 40 CFR part 270 which implements the requirements of 40 CFR part
264, Subpart O or a State hazardous waste permit under section 11-271-15 which
implements the requirements of chapter 11-264, Subchapter O; or
(ii) Has designed and operates the
incinerator in accordance with the interim status requirements of Subchapter
O.
(3) Burned in a
boiler or industrial furnace for which the owner or operator either:
(i) Has been issued either a final permit
under 40 CFR part 270 which implements the requirements of 40 CFR part 266, subpart H or a State hazardous waste permit under section 11-271-15 which
implements the requirements of chapter 11-264, subchapter H; or
(ii) Has designed and operates the boiler or
industrial furnace in accordance with the interim status requirements of
chapter 11-266, subchapter H.
(n) Any components of a closed-vent system
that are designated, as described in section 11-265-1035(c)(9), as unsafe to
monitor are exempt from the requirements of clause (k) (1) (ii) (B) if:
(1) The owner or operator of the closed-vent
system determines that the components of the closed-vent system are unsafe to
monitor because monitoring personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as
a consequence of complying with clause (k)(1)(ii)(B); and
(2) The owner or operator of the closed-vent
system adheres to a written plan that requires monitoring the closed-vent
system components using the procedure specified in clause (k)(1)(ii)(B) as
frequently as practicable during safe-to-monitor times.
Notes
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