Section 3. Emission Monitoring.
(1) Sources in a category listed in
subsection (2) of this section shall:
(a)
Install, calibrate, operate, and maintain monitoring equipment necessary for
continuously monitoring and recording the pollutants specified in this section
for the applicable source category; and
(b) Complete the installation and performance
testing of monitoring equipment required in paragraph (a) of this subsection
and begin monitoring and recording within eighteen (18) months of promulgation
of an applicable performance specification in 40 C.F.R. Part
60 , Appendix
B.
(2) Source categories
and respective monitoring requirements shall be as follows:
(a) Indirect heat exchangers, as specified in
subsection (5)(a) of this section, shall be monitored for opacity or
particulate matter emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions, and oxygen or carbon
dioxide;
(b) Sulfuric acid plants,
as specified in subsection (5)(b) of this section, shall be monitored for
sulfur dioxide emissions;
(c)
Nitric acid plants, as specified in subsection (5)(c) of this section, shall be
monitored for nitrogen oxides emissions;
(d) Petroleum refinery units shall be
monitored as specified in subsection (5)(d) of this section;
(e) Incinerators, as specified in subsection
(5)(e) of this section, shall be monitored for opacity; and
(f) Control devices, as specified in
subsection (5)(f) of this section, shall be monitored for opacity.
(3) Sources retired by June 29,
1984, shall be exempt from the requirements of this section if operation ceased
on or before that date.
(4) During
periods of monitoring system
malfunction, a temporary exemption from the
monitoring and reporting requirements of this section may be provided pursuant
to
401 KAR
50:055 if the
source demonstrates that the
malfunction
was unavoidable and is being repaired as expeditiously as
practicable.
(5) Monitoring
requirements.
(a) Except as provided in this
paragraph, for indirect heat exchangers with an annual average capacity factor
of greater than thirty (30) percent that are subject to an emissions
standard
in
401 KAR
61:015, the following monitoring requirements shall
apply, as applicable:
1. For indirect heat
exchangers of greater than 250 million BTU per hour heat input:
a. A
continuous monitoring system for opacity
or particulate matter meeting the appropriate performance specification in
subsection (6) of this section, except that an indirect heat exchanger shall
not be required to have a
continuous monitoring system if:
(i) Gaseous fuel, oil, or a mixture of gas
and oil are the only fuels burned and the indirect heat exchanger is in
compliance with the applicable opacity or particulate matter standards without
the use of particulate matter collection equipment; and
(ii) The source has never been found, through
an administrative or judicial proceeding, to be in violation of a visible
emission standard; and
b.
CEMS for sulfur dioxide meeting the appropriate performance specifications in
subsection (6) of this section, except that indirect heat exchangers burning
only natural gas, wood waste, or biomass shall be exempt from this requirement;
and
2. If measurements of
oxygen or carbon dioxide in the flue gas are necessary to convert sulfur
dioxide or nitrogen oxides continuous emission monitoring data to the units of
the emission standard, CEMS for percent oxygen or carbon dioxide meeting the
appropriate performance specifications in subsection (6) of this
section.
(b) For
sulfuric acid plants producing sulfuric acid with a contact process that burns
elemental sulfur, alkylation acid, hydrogen sulfide, or acid sludge, the
following monitoring requirement shall apply:
1. CEMS for sulfur dioxide meeting the
appropriate performance specifications in subsection (6) of this section for
each sulfuric acid producing unit at the
source that:
a. Has greater than 200 tons per day
production capacity as expressed in 100 percent acid; and
b. Produces sulfuric acid by the contact
process that burns elemental sulfur, alkylation acid, hydrogen sulfide, or acid
sludge; and
2. Units that
do not use the conversion to sulfuric acid as a primary means to prevent the
emissions of sulfur dioxide and other sulfur compounds into the atmosphere
shall not be required to have CEMS.
(c) For nitric acid plants, the following
monitoring requirement shall apply: CEMS for
nitrogen oxides meeting the
appropriate performance specifications in subsection (6) of this section for
nitric acid producing units that:
1. Produce
nitric acid thirty (30) to seventy (70) percent by weight in strength by either
the pressure or atmospheric pressure process; and
2. Have greater than 200 tons per day
production capacity expressed as 100 percent acid.
(d) For petroleum refineries the following
monitoring requirements shall apply:
1. For
catalyst regenerators used in conjunction with fluid bed cracking units of
greater than 20,000 barrels per day fresh feed capacity, a continuous
monitoring system for opacity or PM CEMS meeting the appropriate performance
specifications in subsection (6) of this section;
2.
a. For
sulfur dioxide in the gases discharged into the atmosphere from the combustion
of
fuel gases subject to
401 KAR
61:145, CEMS meeting the appropriate performance
specifications in subsection (6) of this section, in which:
(i) The pollutant gas used to prepare
calibration gas mixtures under 40 C.F.R. Part
60 , Performance Specification 2,
Section 2.1 and for calibration checks shall be sulfur dioxide;
(ii) The span shall be set at 100 ppm;
and
(iii) Reference Method 6 shall
be used for conducting monitoring system performance evaluations; or
b. If compliance is
achieved by removing hydrogen sulfide from the
fuel gas before it is burned,
for
fuel gases burned in
fuel gas combustion devices subject to
401 KAR
61:145, an instrument that meets the appropriate
performance specifications in 40 C.F.R. Part
60 , Appendix B for continuously
monitoring and recording concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the
fuel gases
burned, in which;
(i) Fuel gas combustion
devices having a common source of fuel gas may be monitored at one (1)
location, if monitoring at this location accurately represents the
concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the fuel gas burned; and
(ii) The span of the continuous monitoring
system shall be 300 ppm;
3. For claus sulfur recovery plants subject
to
401 KAR
61:145:
a. If
compliance is achieved with an oxidation control system or a reduction control
system followed by incineration, CEMS for sulfur dioxide meeting the
appropriate performance specifications in subsection (6) of this section with
the span set at 500 ppm;
b. If
compliance is achieved with a reduction control system not followed by
incineration, CEMS meeting the appropriate performance specifications in
subsection (6) of this section with the spans set at twenty (20) ppm for the
measurement of hydrogen sulfide emissions and 600 ppm for reduced sulfur
compounds emissions; and
4. For fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst
regenerators subject to
401 KAR
61:145, CEMS for sulfur dioxide meeting the
appropriate performance specification in subsection (6) of this section, with
the span set at 1,500 ppm.
(e) For incinerators with a charging capacity
of more than forty-five (45) metric tons per day (fifty (50) tons/day)
continuous monitoring system for opacity or PM CEMS for particulates meeting
the appropriate performance specifications in subsection (6) of this
section.
(f) For control devices
with a concentrated discharge associated with an emissions unit subject to
401 KAR
61:070,
401
KAR 61:075, or
401
KAR 61:080, a
continuous monitoring system for opacity
meeting the appropriate performance specifications in subsection (6)(a) of this
section.
(6) Except as
provided in subsection (7) of this section, sources subject to this section
shall demonstrate compliance with the following performance specifications in
40 C.F.R. Part
60 , Appendix B:
(a)
1. Continuous monitoring systems for opacity
shall comply with Performance Specification 1; and
2. PM CEMS for particulate matter shall
comply with Performance Specification 11;
(b) CEMS for sulfur dioxide shall comply with
Performance Specification 2;
(c)
CEMS for nitrogen oxides shall comply with Performance Specification
2;
(d) CEMS for oxygen shall comply
with Performance Specification 3; and
(e) CEMS for carbon dioxide shall comply with
Performance Specification 3.
(7) Sources entering into a binding
contractual obligation prior to September 11, 1974, to purchase specific
continuous monitoring system components and sources installing a system prior
to October 6, 1975, shall comply with the following requirements:
(a) Continuous monitoring systems for
opacity
shall:
1. Measure opacity levels within plus
or minus twenty (20) percent with a confidence level of ninety-five (95)
percent; and
2. Use the Calibration
Error Test and associated calculation procedures in 40 C.F.R. Part
60 ,
Appendix B, Performance Specification 1;
(b) CEMS for
nitrogen oxides and sulfur
dioxide shall:
1. Measure emission levels
within plus or minus twenty (20) percent with a confidence level of ninety-five
(95) percent; and
2. Use the
Calibration Error Test, the Field Test for Accuracy (Relative), and associated
operating and calculation procedures in 40 C.F.R. Part
60 , Appendix
B;
(c) If required by the
cabinet, in writing, pursuant to
401 KAR 50:045,
CEMS installed on an emissions unit prior to October 6, 1975, shall conduct
tests under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this subsection as appropriate;
and
(d) All continuous monitoring
systems specified in this subsection shall be:
1. Maintained and replaced with new or
upgraded equipment as necessary; and
2. Demonstrated to comply with applicable
performance specifications on or before June 29, 1984.
(8) For CEMS calibration
gas mixtures:
(a) For systems monitoring
sulfur dioxide installed on indirect heat exchangers, sulfuric acid plants or
petroleum refinery fluid catalyst cracking unit regenerators, the pollutant gas
used to prepare the mixture shall be sulfur dioxide pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part
60, Appendix B, Performance Specification 2; Section 2.1; and
(b) For systems monitoring
nitrogen oxides
installed on nitric acid plants, the pollutant gas used to prepare the mixture
shall be nitrogen dioxide pursuant to 40 C.F.R. Part
60 , Appendix B,
Performance Specification 2, Section 2.1.
(9) The cycling time, or the total time
necessary for a monitoring system to complete a cycle of operation to sample,
analyze, and record an emission measurement, shall be as follows:
(a) Continuous monitoring systems for opacity
shall complete a minimum of one (1) cycle of operation for each successive ten
(10) second period; and
(b) CEMS
for measuring oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, or sulfur dioxide
shall complete a minimum of one (1) cycle of operation for each successive
fifteen (15) minute period.
(10) CEMS devices shall be installed in a
location that obtains representative measurements of emissions or process
parameters from the emissions unit pursuant to applicable performance
specifications in 40 C.F.R. Part
60, Appendix B.
(11) For combined effluents from two (2) or
more emissions units:
(a) If the units are of
similar design and operating characteristics, CEMS may be installed on an
effluent stream combined before being released to the atmosphere; or
(b) If the combined emissions units are not
of similar design and operating characteristics, or if the effluent from one
(1) of the emissions units is released to the atmosphere through more than one
(1) point, the source may submit to the cabinet for approval an alternate
procedure demonstrating the appropriateness of installing CEMS on the combined
effluent.
(12) Sources
required to install continuous monitoring systems shall:
(a) Record the zero and span drift of the
monitoring system pursuant to the method prescribed by the manufacturer of the
system and shall subject the continuous monitoring system to the manufacturer's
recommended zero and span check at least once daily or follow the
manufacturer's recommendations if adjustments at shorter intervals are
recommended;
(b) Adjust the zero
and span if the twenty-four (24) hour zero drift or twenty-four (24) hour
calibration drift limits exceed an applicable performance specification in
Appendix B of 40 C.F.R. Part
60, Appendix B;
(c) For continuous monitoring systems subject
to subsection (7) of this section, adjust the system if the twenty-four (24)
hour zero drift or twenty-four (24) hour calibration drift exceeds ten (10)
percent of the applicable emission standard;
(d) If available, use span and zero gases
certified by the manufacturer to be traceable to National Institute of
Standards and Technology reference gases;
(e) Use nitrogen dioxide for daily checks as
applicable; and
(f) Reanalyze by
triplicate analyses span and zero gases every six (6) months from the date of
manufacture using the appropriate reference methods in 40 C.F.R. Part
60,
Appendix A as follows:
1. Reference Method 6
for sulfur dioxide;
2. Reference
Method 7 for nitrogen dioxide; and
3. Reference Method 3 for carbon dioxide and
oxygen.
(13)
Instrument span shall be kept at approximately 200 percent of the expected
instrument data display output corresponding to the emission standards to which
the source is subject.
(14) Sources
may be allowed to use equivalent procedures and requirements approved by the
U.S.
EPA for continuous monitoring systems as follows:
(a) Alternate monitoring requirements to
accommodate CEMS that require corrections for stack moisture
conditions;
(b) Alternate locations
for installing continuous monitoring systems or monitoring devices if the
source demonstrates to the cabinet that installation at alternate locations
will enable accurate and representative measurements;
(c) Alternative procedures for performing
calibration checks;
(d) Alternative
monitoring requirements if the effluent from two (2) or more identical
emissions units is released to the atmosphere through more than one (1) point
if the procedures generate accurate emission averages; and
(e) Alternate continuous monitoring systems
that
do not meet the spectral response requirements in 40 C.F.R. Part
60,
Appendix B, Specification 1, but that adequately demonstrate, for each
applicable emissions unit, a definite and consistent relationship between their
measurements and the
opacity measurements of Performance Specification
1.
(15) For each
continuous monitoring system, the source shall submit, in writing to the
cabinet, for every calendar quarter, a written report of excess emissions
including the nature and cause of the excess emissions, if known, as follows:
(a) The averaging period used for data
reporting shall correspond to the averaging period specified in the emission
test method used to determine compliance with an emission standard for the
applicable pollutant and source category, and quarterly reports shall be
postmarked by the 30th day following the end of each calendar
quarter;
(b) For
opacity
measurements, the summary shall consist of the magnitude in actual percent
opacity of six (6) minute averages of
opacity greater than the
opacity standard
in the applicable standard for each hour of operation of the facility, as
follows:
1. Average values may be obtained by
integration over the averaging period or by arithmetically averaging a minimum
of four (4) equally spaced, instantaneous opacity measurements per
minute;
2. All exempted time
periods shall be considered before determining the excess average of opacity
(for example, if an administrative regulation allows two (2) minutes of opacity
measurements in excess of the standard, the source shall report all opacity
averages, in any one (1) hour, in excess of the standard, minus the two (2)
minute exemption); and
3. If more
than one (1) opacity standard applies, excess emissions data shall be submitted
in relation to all applicable standards;
(c) For particulate matter measurements, the
summary shall be based on twenty-four (24) hour block averaging
times;
(d) For gaseous
measurements, the summary shall consist of hourly averages expressed in the
units of the applicable standard;
(e) Except for zero and span checks, the date
and time of each period during which the CEMS was not operating, including
proof of CEMS performance during system repairs and the nature of the repairs
or adjustments;
(f) If excess
emissions have not occurred and the CEMS have not been inoperative, repaired,
or adjusted, this information shall be included in the report; and
(g) The
source shall maintain a file for a
minimum of two (2) years from the date of collection of the data or submission
to the
cabinet of:
1. All information reported
in the quarterly summaries; and
2.
All other data collected by the CEMS or as necessary to convert monitoring data
to the units of the applicable standard.
(16) Sources shall use the following
procedures for converting monitoring data to units of the
standard if
necessary:
(a) For indirect heat exchangers,
the following procedures shall be used to convert gaseous emission monitoring
data in parts per million to g/million cal (lb/million BTU):
1. If the source elects to measure oxygen in
the flue gases for an indirect heat exchanger pursuant to subsection (5)(a)2 of
this section, the measurements of the pollutant concentration and oxygen
concentration shall be on a dry basis and the following equation shall be used
for the conversion procedure: E = CF(20.9) /
(20.9-%O2);
2. If the source elects to measure carbon
dioxide in the flue gases pursuant to subsection (5)(a)2 of this section, the
measurement of the pollutant concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration
shall be on a consistent wet or dry basis and the following equation shall be
used for the conversion procedure: E = CFc(100) / %CO2;
and
3. For subparagraphs 1 and 2 of
this paragraph:
a. E = pollutant emission,
g/million cal (lb/million BTU);
b.
C = pollutant concentration, g/dscm (lb/dscf), determined by multiplying the
average concentration (ppm) for each hourly period by 4.16 X
10-5 M g/dscm per ppm (2.64 X
10-9 M lb/dscf per ppm) where M = pollutant
molecular weight, g/g-mole (lb/lb-mole). M = 64 for sulfur dioxide and 46 for
oxides of nitrogen;
c.
%O2, %CO2 = oxygen or carbon
dioxide volume (expressed as percent) determined with equipment specified in
subsection (6) of this section; and
d. F, Fc = a factor representing a ratio of
the volume of dry flue gases generated to the calorific value of the
fuel
combusted (F), and a factor representing a ratio of the volume of the carbon
dioxide generated to the calorific value of the
fuel combusted (Fc)
respectively. Values of F and Fc are given in
401 KAR
59:015 as applicable.
(b) For sulfuric acid plants the
owner or
operator shall:
1. Establish a conversion
factor three (3) times daily pursuant to
40 C.F.R.
60.84;
2. Multiply the conversion factor by the
average sulfur dioxide concentration in the flue gases to obtain average sulfur
dioxide emissions in kg/metric ton (lb/short ton); and
3. Report the average sulfur dioxide emission
for each averaging period in excess of the applicable emission standard in the
quarterly report required in subsection (15) of this section.
(c) The
source may use data
reporting or reduction procedures that vary from the provisions of this section
if the
source demonstrates that the alternate procedures are at least as
accurate and protective as the requirements of this section and the alternative
procedures may include:
1. Alternative
procedures for computing emission averages that do not require integration of
data; and
2. Alternative methods of
converting pollutant concentration measurements to the units of the emission
standards.
(17)
Sources may apply for approval of an alternative or
equivalent method specified
in 40 C.F.R. Part
60 or a test method specified in the Kentucky
State
Implementation Plan, if the alternative provisions are included in the
source's
permit and the
source demonstrates:
(a) The
inability of CEMS to provide accurate determinations of emissions at the
emissions unit;
(b) The infrequent
operation of the emissions unit;
(c) The requirements of this section impose
an extreme economic burden on the source; or
(d) The CEMS is unable to be installed due to
physical limitations at the source.