(B) Technical
words used in
Chapter 3715 1 of the Administrative
Code
this chapter shall be defined as
listed in this paragraph.
(1) "Acceptable
daily exposure" or "ADE" means an estimate of the maximum daily dose of a
substance which is not expected to result in adverse noncancer effects to the
general human population, including sensitive subgroups.
(2) "Act" means the federal Water Pollution
Control Act
, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq. (as
amended).
(3) "Acute
aquatic criterion" or "AAC" means the Ohio EPA estimation of the highest
instream concentration of a chemical to which aquatic organisms can be exposed
for a brief period of time without causing mortality.
(4) "Acute-chronic ratio" or "ACR" means a
standard measure of the acute toxicity of a material divided by an appropriate
measure of the chronic toxicity of the same material under comparable
conditions.
(5)
"Acute mixing zone" means the mixture of receiving
water and effluent adjacent to a treated or untreated discharge within which
the acute aquatic life criteria may be exceeded but the inside mixing zone
maximum criteria may not be exceeded. The acute aquatic life criteria shall be
met on the downstream perimeter of the acute mixing zone.
(5)
(6)
"Acute toxicity" means adverse effects that result from an acute exposure and
occur within any short observation period which begins when the exposure
begins, and usually does not constitute a substantial portion of the life span
of the organism.
(6)
(7) "Adverse effect" means any deleterious effect to
organisms due to exposure to a substance. This includes effects which are or
may become debilitating, harmful or toxic to the normal functions of the
organism, but does not include non-harmful effects such as tissue discoloration
alone or the induction of enzymes involved in the metabolism of the
substance.
(7)
(8) "Ambient water temperature" means the spatial
(longitudinal, lateral and vertical) and temporal water temperature measured in
the receiving body of water prior to a specific waste heat discharge, and is
outside the influence of any thermal mixing zone.
(9)
"Area of initial
mixing" or "AIM" means the limited zone where discharge-induced mixing causes
the effluent to rapidly mix with the receiving water such that the area may not
be physically inhabitable to aquatic life. The inside mixing zone maximum
criteria may be exceeded within the AIM but shall be met on the perimeter of
the AIM.
(8)
(10) "Average temperature" represents the arithmetic
mean of multiple daily average temperatures over a consecutive fifteen- or
thirty-day period.
(9)
(11) "Baseline BAF" means:
(a) For organic chemicals, a BAF that is
based on the concentration of freely dissolved chemical in the ambient water
and takes into account the partitioning of the chemical within the
organism
; and
.
(b) For
inorganic chemicals, a BAF that is based on the wet weight of the
tissue.
(10)
(12) "Baseline BCF" means:
(a) For organic chemicals, a BCF that is
based on the concentration of freely dissolved chemical in the ambient water
and takes into account the partitioning of the chemical within the
organism
; and
.
(b) For
inorganic chemicals, a BCF that is based on the wet weight of the
tissue.
(11)
(13) "Bioaccumulation" means the net accumulation of a
substance by an organism as a result of uptake from all environmental
sources.
(12)
(14) "Bioaccumulation factor" or "BAF" means the ratio
(in 1/kg) of a substance's concentration in the tissue of an aquatic organism
to its concentration in the ambient water, in situations where both the
organism and its food are exposed and the ratio does not change substantially
over time.
(13)
(15) "Bioaccumulative chemical of concern" or "BCC" is
any chemical that has the potential to cause adverse effects which, upon
entering the surface waters, by itself or as its toxic transformation product,
accumulates in aquatic organisms by a human health bioaccumulation factor
greater than one thousand, after considering metabolism and other
physicochemical properties that might enhance or inhibit bioaccumulation,
calculated in accordance with the methodology in rule
3745-1-37
3745-1-41 of the Administrative Code. Chemicals with
half-lives of less than eight weeks in the water column, sediment, and biota
are not BCCs. The minimum BAF information needed to define an organic chemical
as a BCC is either a field-measured BAF or a BAF derived using the BSAF
methodology. The minimum BAF information needed to define an inorganic
chemical, including an organometal, as a BCC is either a field-measured BAF or
a laboratory-measured BCF. Bioaccumulative chemicals of concern include, but
are not limited to, chlordane, 4,4'-DDD (p,p'-DDD, 4,4'-TDE, p,p'-TDE),
4,4'-DDE (p,p'-DDE), 4,4'-DDT (p,p'-DDT), dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene,
hexachlorobutadiene (hexachloro-1,3-butadiene), hexachlorocyclohexanes (BHCs),
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-BHC), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-BHC),
delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (delta-BHC), lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane,
gamma-BHC), mercury, mirex, octachlorostyrene, PCBs (polychlorinated
biphenyls), pentachlorobenzene, photomirex, 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin),
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, and toxaphene.
(14)
(16) "Bioconcentration" means the net accumulation of
a substance by an aquatic organism as a result of uptake directly from the
ambient water through gill membranes or other external body surfaces.
(15)
(17)
"Bioconcentration factor" or "BCF" means the ratio (in l/kg) of a substance's
concentration in the tissue of an aquatic organism to its concentration in the
ambient water, in situations where the organism is exposed through the water
only and the ratio does not change substantially over time.
(16)
(18)
"Biota-sediment accumulation factor" or "BSAF" means the ratio (in kg of
organic carbon/kg of lipid) of a substance's lipid-normalized concentration in
the tissue of an aquatic organism to its organic carbon-normalized
concentration in surface sediment, in situations where the ratio does not
change substantially over time, both the organism and its food are exposed, and
the surface sediment is representative of average surface sediment in the
vicinity of the organism.
(17)
(19) "°C" means
degree(s)
degree
Celsius.
(18)
(20) "Carcinogen" means a substance which causes an
increased incidence of benign or malignant neoplasms, or substantially
decreases the time to develop neoplasms, in animals or humans. The
classification of carcinogens is discussed in rule
3745-1-38
3745-1-42 of
the Administrative Code.
(19)
(21) "Chronic aquatic
criterion" or "CAC" means the Ohio EPA estimation of the highest instream
concentration of a chemical to which aquatic organisms can be exposed
indefinitely without causing unacceptable effects (e.g., adverse effects on
growth or reproduction)
(22)
"Chronic mixing zone" means the misture of receiving
water and effluent adjacent to a treated or untreated discharge within which
the chronic aquatic life, human health, wildlife and agricultural water supply
criteria may be exceeded. The chronic aquatic life, human health, wildlife and
agricultural water supply criteria shall be met on the downstream perimeter of
the chronic mixing zone.
(20)
(23) "Chronic
toxicity" means concurrent and delayed adverse effects that occur only as a
result of a chronic exposure. Chronic exposure is exposure of an organism for
any long period or for a substantial portion of its life span.
(21)
(24)
"Coldwater fish" means those species of fish that thrive in relatively cold
water. These species include, but are not limited to, salmon and trout
(Salmonidae), and may include sculpins (Cottidae), and certain minnow
(Cyprinidae) species.
(22)
(25) "Confluence"
means the point where two or more bodies of water flow together.
(23)
(26)
"Criteria" mean elements of water quality standards, expressed as constituent
concentrations, levels, or narrative statements, representing a quality of
water that supports a particular designated use.
(24)
(27) "Criterion
continuous concentration" or "CCC" means an estimate of the highest
concentration of a material in the water column to which an aquatic community
can be exposed indefinitely without resulting in an unacceptable
effect.
(25)
(28) "Criterion maximum concentration" or "CMC" means
an estimate of the highest concentration of a material in the water column to
which an aquatic community can be exposed briefly without resulting in an
unacceptable effect.
(26)
(29) "Daily average
temperature" means the arithmetic mean of multiple temperature measurements to
be taken at least once per hour during a twenty-four-hour day.
(27)
(30)
"Degradation" means a lowering of the existing water quality in the surface
waters of the state.
(28)
(31) "Depuration"
means the loss of a substance from an organism as a result of any active or
passive process.
(29)
(32) "Designated use" means a use of the surface
waters of the state, established by
the water
quality standards, Chapter 3745-1 of the Administrative Code
this chapter.
(30)
(33) "Director" means
the director of the Ohio environmental protection agency.
(31)
(34)
"Discharge" means the addition of any pollutant to the waters of the state from
a point source.
(35)
"Discharge induced mixing" means the state of mixing
between the receiving water and effluent where the processes causing the mixing
are induced primarily by the momentum of the effluent as it enters the
receiving water.
(32)
(36) "E. coli" means
a specific bacterial species included in the fecal coliform bacteria group, the
presence of which in surface waters has been correlated with gastrointestinal
illness in swimmers.
(33)
(37)
"EC50" means the median effective concentration and is a
statistically or graphically estimated concentration that is expected to cause
one or more specified effects in fifty per cent of a group of organisms under
specified conditions.
(34)
(38) "Estuary" means
the section of a lake Erie tributary near the mouth where tributary and lake
Erie waters mix. This area is characterized by flow reversals and seiche
influences and is generally located between the farthest downstream riffle of
the tributary and lake Erie proper. All tributaries of estuaries shall be
considered estuaries below the lake Erie mean high water level.
(35)
(39)
"°F" means
degree(s)
degree Fahrenheit.
(36)
(40) "Fecal coliform"
means the portion of the coliform group of bacteria which is present in the
intestinal tract of warmblooded animals, and is evidence of the presence of
human or animal wastes.
(37)
(41) "Final acute
value" or "FAV" means
either of the following:
(a) A calculated estimate of the
concentration of a test material such that ninety-five per cent of the genera
(with which acceptable acute toxicity tests have been conducted on the
material) have higher GMAVs
; or
.
(b) The
SMAV of an important
and/or
or critical
species, if the SMAV is lower then the calculated estimate.
(38)
(42) "Final chronic value" or "FCV" means
any one of the following:
(a) A calculated estimate of the
concentration of a test material such that ninety-five per cent of the genera
(with which acceptable chronic toxicity tests have been conducted on the
material) have higher GMCVs
;
.
(b) The
quotient of an FAV divided by an appropriate acute-chronic ratio
; or
.
(c) The SMCV of an important and/or critical
species, if the SMCV is lower than the calculated estimate or the quotient,
whichever is applicable.
(39)
(43) "Final plant
value" or "FPV" means the lowest plant value obtained with an important aquatic
plant species in an acceptable toxicity test for which the concentrations of
the test material were measured and the adverse effect was biologically
important.
(40)
(44) "Food-chain multiplier" or "FCM" means the ratio
of a BAF to an appropriate BCF. A food-chain multiplier is meant to account for
accumulation of a chemical up the food chain attributable to predation (i.e.,
between successive trophic levels).
(41)
(45) "Genus mean
acute value" or "GMAV" means the geometric
means
mean of the
SMAVs for the genus.
(42)
(46) "Genus mean
chronic value" or "GMCV" means the geometric mean of the SMCVs for the
genus.
(43)
(47) "Geometric mean" means the Nth root of the
product of N quantities.
(44)
(48) "Great Lakes
system" means all the streams, rivers, lakes and other bodies of water within
the drainage basin of the Great Lakes within the United States.
(45)
(49)
"Human cancer criterion" or "HCC" is a human cancer value for a pollutant that
meets the minimum data requirements for tier I as specified in rule
3745-1-38
3745-1-42 of the Administrative Code.
(46)
(50)
"Human cancer value" or "HCV" is the maximum ambient water concentration of a
substance at which a lifetime of exposure from either: drinking the water,
consuming fish from the water, and water-related recreation activities; or
consuming fish from the water, and water-related recreation activities, will
represent a plausible upper-bound risk of contracting cancer of one in one
hundred thousand using the exposure assumptions specified in the methodologies
for the development of human health criteria and values in rule
3745-1-38
3745-1-42 of the Administrative Code.
(47)
(51)
"Human noncancer criterion" or "HNC" is a human noncancer value for a pollutant
that meets the minimum data requirements for tier I as specified in rule
3745-1-38
3745-1-42 of the Administrative Code.
(48)
(52)
"Human noncancer value" or "HNV" is the maximum ambient water concentration of
a substance at which adverse noncancer effects are not likely to occur in the
human population from lifetime exposure from either: drinking the water,
consuming fish from the water, and water-related recreation activities; or
consuming fish from the water and water-related recreation activities, using
the methodologies for the development of human health criteria and values in
rule
3745-1-38
3745-1-42 of the Administrative Code.
(49)
(53)
"Lake Erie drainage basin" means all the streams, rivers, lakes and other
bodies of water within the drainage basin of lake Erie and within the United
States.
(50)
(54) "LC50" means the median
lethal concentration and is a statistically or graphically estimated
concentration that is expected to be lethal to fifty per cent of a group of
organisms under specified conditions.
(51)
(55) "Linearized
multistage model" means a conservative mathematical model for cancer risk
assessment. This model fits linear dose-response curves to low doses. It is
consistent with a no-threshold model of carcinogenesis, i.e., exposure to even
a very small amount of the substance is assumed to produce a finite increased
risk of cancer.
(52)
(56) "Lowest observed adverse effect level" or "LOAEL"
means the lowest tested dose or concentration of a substance which results in
an observed adverse effect in exposed test organisms when all higher doses or
concentrations result in the same or more severe effects.
(53)
(57)
"Maximum daily temperature" means the highest temperature observed in a
twenty-four-hour day.
(54)
(58) "Micrograms per
liter (ug/l)" means the micrograms of substance per liter of solution, and is
equivalent to 10-9 kilograms per liter or parts per
billion, assuming unit density.
(55)
(59) "Milligrams per
kilogram (mg/kg)" means the milligrams of substance per kilogram of
weight.
(56)
(60) "Milligrams per liter (mg/l)" means the
milligrams of substance per liter of solution, and is equivalent to
10-6 kilograms per liter or parts per million,
assuming unit density.
(57)
(61) "Mine drainage"
means surface or groundwater flowing through or from mines and mine sites. It
is usually characterized by concentrations of acidity or alkalinity, various
heavy metals, sulfates, and dissolved solids.
(58)
(62) "Mixing zone"
means an area of a water body contiguous to a treated or untreated wastewater
discharge.
The
This discharge is in transit and progressively diluted
from the source concentration to the receiving system concentration. The mixing
zone
is
shall be
considered a place where wastewater and receiving water mix, not a place
where wastes are treated.
(59)
(63) "Nanograms per
liter (ng/l)" means the nanograms of substance per liter of solution, and is
equivalent to 10-12 kilograms per liter or parts per
trillion, assuming unit density.
(60)
(64) "Natural
conditions" mean those conditions that are measured outside the influence of
human activities.
(65)
"New discharge", for the purposes of implementing the
bioaccumulative chemical of concern provisions in Chapter 3745-2 of the
Administrative Code, means any of the following:
(a)
A discharge of
pollutants to a water body from a building, structure, facility or
installation, the construction of which commences after December 30,
2002.
(b)
A new discharge from an existing discharger that
commences after December 30, 2002.
(c)
An expanded
discharge from an existing discharger that commences after December 30, 2002,
except for those expanded discharges resulting from changes in loadings of any
BCC within the existing capacity and processes (e.g., normal operational
variability, changes in intake water pollutants, increasing the production
hours of the facility or adding additional shifts, or increasing the rate of
production), and that are covered by the existing Ohio national pollutant
discharge elimination system permit.
Not included within the definition of
"new discharge" are new or expanded discharges of BCCs from a publicly owned
treatment works when such discharges are necessary to prevent a public health
threat to the community (e.g., a situation where a community with failing
septic systems is connected to a POTW to avert a potential public health threat
from these failing systems). These and all other discharges of BCCs are defined
as existing discharges.
(61)
(66) "No observed
adverse effect level" or "NOAEL" means the highest tested dose or concentration
of a substance which results in no observed adverse effect in exposed test
organisms where higher doses or concentrations result in an adverse
effect.
(62)
(67) "Nonpoint source" means any source of pollutants
other than those defined as point sources.
(63)
(68) "Octanol-water
partition coefficient" or "Kow" means the ratio of the
concentration of a substance in the N-octanol phase to its concentration in the
aqueous phase in an equilibrated two-phase octanol-water system. For log
Kow, the log of the octanol-water partition coefficient
is a base ten logarithm.
(64)
(69) "Ohio river
drainage basin" means all the streams, rivers, lakes and other bodies of water
within the drainage basin of the Ohio river.
(65)
(70) "pH" means the
negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity concentrations when expressed
as moles per liter or pH = -log (H+).
(66)
(71) "Picograms per
liter (pg/l)" means the picograms of substance per liter of solution, and is
equivalent to 10-15 kilograms per liter or parts per
quadrillion, assuming unit density.
(67)
(72) "Point source"
means any discernible, confined or discrete conveyance from which a pollutant
is or may be discharged to the surface waters of the state.
(68)
(73)
"Pollutant" means sewage, industrial waste or other waste as defined by
divisions (B) to (D) of section
6111.01 of the Revised
Code.
(74)
"Pollution prevention alternatives assessment" means an
analysis that identifies any cost-effective pollution prevention alternatives
and techniques that are available to the discharger, and that would reduce the
extent to which the increased loading results in a lowering of water quality. A
pollution prevention alternatives analysis shall demonstrate a good faith
effort by the discharger to review equipment or technology modifications,
process or procedure modifications, reformulation or redesign of products,
substitution of raw materials and improvements to housekeeping. The discharger
is not required to implement a pollution prevention alternative if it is not
technically or economically feasible.
(69)
(75) "Receiving
waters" mean the surface waters of the state into which point and nonpoint
sources flow.
(70)
(76) "Relative source contribution" or "RSC" means the
factor (percentage) used in calculating a HNV or HNC to account for all sources
of exposure to a contaminant. The RSC reflects the per cent of total exposure
which can be attributed to surface water through water intake and fish
consumption.
(71)
(77) "Representative aquatic species" mean those
organisms, either natural or introduced, which presently exist or have existed
in the surface waters of the state prior to July 1, 1977, with the exception of
those banned species outlined in rule
1501:31-19-01
of the Administrative Code. In addition, it may include any species that are
legally introduced into the surface waters of the state. Aquatic species
designated as representative shall satisfy one or more of the following:
(a) Species
which
that are
particularly vulnerable to the existing or proposed environmental impact in
question
;
.
(b)
Species
which
that are commercially or recreationally
valuable
;
.
(c)
Species
which
that are threatened, rare, or endangered
;
.
(d) Species
which
that are
critical to the structure and function of the aquatic community
;
.
(e) Species whose presence is causally
related to the existing or proposed environmental impact under
examination
;
.
(f)
Species that are potentially capable of becoming localized nuisance
species
; or
.
(g)
Species that are representative of the ecological, behavioral, and
physiological requirements and characteristics of species determined in
paragraphs
(B)(71)(a)
(B)(77)(a) to
(B)(71)(f)
(B)(77)(f)
of this rule, but which themselves may not be representative.
(72)
(78) "Risk associated dose" or "RAD" means a dose of a
known or presumed carcinogenic substance in (mg/kg) /day which, over a lifetime
of exposure, is estimated to be associated with a plausible upper bound
incremental cancer risk equal to one in one hundred thousand.
(73)
(79)
"Slope factor" or "Q1*" means the incremental rate of
cancer development calculated through use of a linearized multistage model or
other appropriate model. It is expressed in (mg/kg/day) of exposure to the
chemical in question.
(74)
(80) "Species mean
acute value" or "SMAV" means the geometric mean of the results of all
acceptable flow-through acute toxicity tests (for which the concentrations of
the test material were measured) with the most sensitive tested life stage of
the species. For a species for which no such result is available for the most
sensitive tested life stage, the SMAV is the geometric mean of the results of
all acceptable acute toxicity tests with the most sensitive tested life
stage.
(75)
(81) "Species mean chronic value" or "SMCV" means the
geometric mean of the results of all acceptable life-cycle and partial
life-cycle toxicity tests with the species; for a species of fish for which no
such result is available, the SMCV is the geometric mean of all acceptable
early life-stage tests.
(76)
(82)
"Structure-activity relationship" or "SAR" means a mathematical relationship
between a property (i.e., biological activity or response) of a chemical and a
number of descriptors of the chemical. These descriptors are chemical or
physical characteristics obtained experimentally or predicted from the
structure of the chemical.
(77)
(83) "Surface waters
of the state" or "water bodies" mean all streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds,
marshes, wetlands or other waterways which are situated wholly or partially
within the boundaries of the state, except those private waters which do not
combine or effect a junction with natural surface or underground waters. Waters
defined as sewerage system, treatment works or disposal system in section
6111.01 of the Revised Code are
not included.
(78)
(84) "Thermal mixing zone" means that portion of a
water body into which waste heat is discharged and assimilated, and within
which the average and maximum daily average temperatures do not apply, except
as prescribed by this chapter.
(79)
(85) "Threatened or
endangered species" mean those species of the state's biota which are
threatened with statewide extirpation or national extinction, as listed in rule
1501:31-23-01
of the Administrative Code or 50 C.F.R.
17 or that are listed as endangered or
threatened under section 4 of the Endangered Species Act
, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. (as amended).
(80)
(86)
"Threshold effect" means an effect of a substance for which there is a
theoretical or empirically established dose or concentration below which the
effect does not occur.
(81)
(87) "Tier I
criteria" mean numeric values derived by use of the tier I methodologies
specified in rules
3745-1-36
3745-1-40,
3745-1-38
3745-1-42
and
3745-1-39
3745-1-43 of the Administrative Code, that either have
been adopted as numeric criteria into a water quality standard or are used to
implement narrative water quality criteria.
(82)
(88) "Tier II values"
means numeric values derived by use of the tier II methodologies specified in
rules
3745-1-36
3745-1-40 and
3745-1-38
3745-1-42 of
the Administrative Code that are used to implement narrative water quality
criteria.
(83)
(89) "Toxic substances" mean any substances which can
cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutations,
physiological or reproductive malfunction or physical deformities in any
organism or its offspring, or which can become poisonous after concentration in
the food chain or in combination with other substances.
(84)
(90)
"Tributary" means a stream flowing into a larger body of water.
(85)
(91)
"Uncertainty factor" or "UF" means one of several numeric factors used in
operationally deriving criteria from experimental data to account for the
quality or quantity of the available data.
(86)
(92) "Uptake" means
acquisition of a substance from the environment by an organism as a result of
any active or passive process.
(87)
(93) "Use
attainability analysis" means a structured scientific assessment of the factors
affecting the attainment of the use which may include physical, chemical,
biological, and economic factors.
(88)
(94) "Warmwater fish"
means those species of fish that inhabit relatively warm water. These species
include, but are not limited to, bass; crappies and sunfish (Centrarchidae),
and catfish (Ictaluridae), and may include certain suckers (Catostomidae),
minnows (Cyprinidae), and perch and darter (Percidae) species.
(95)
"Water bodies"
or "waters of the state" mean all streams, lakes, ponds, marshes, watercourses,
waterways, wells, springs, irrigation systems, drainage systems, and all other
bodies or accumulations of water, surface and underground, natural or
artifical, that are situated wholly or partly within, or border upon, this
state, or are within its jurisdiction, except those private waters that do not
combine or effect a junction with natural surface or underground
waters.
(89)
(96) "Water quality standards" means the rules set
forth in
Chapter 3745-1 of the Administrative
Code
this chapter establishing stream use
designations and water quality criteria protective of such uses for the surface
waters of the state.
(90)
(97) "Wetlands" means
those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a
frequency and duration that are sufficient to support, and that under normal
circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life
in saturated soil conditions. "Wetlands" includes swamps, marshes, bogs, and
similar areas that are delineated in accordance with the 1987 United States
army corps of engineers wetland delineation manual and any other procedures and
requirements adopted by the United States army corps of engineers for
delineating wetlands.