cloture

Cloture is the formal process of ending debate on a legislative proposal and proceeding to a vote. In the United States Senate, invoking cloture on most matters requires a three-fifths majority of the full Senate, or 60 votes when all seats are filled. Changing the Senate’s standing rules requires a two-thirds majority of Senators present and voting. The U.S. House of Representatives requires only a simple majority to end debate. A cloture vote is the main method for overcoming a filibuster. In practice, the filibuster combined with the cloture rule means most Senate legislation needs three-fifths support to advance. Exceptions to this requirement include measures considered under special procedures, such as budget reconciliation bills, certain trade agreements, and some nominations, which are not subject to the 60-vote threshold. The cloture procedure is set out in U.S. Senate Rule XXII.

[Last reviewed in August of 2025 by the Wex Definitions Team] 

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