The Controlled Substances Import and Export Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title III of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1285, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§ 951 et seq.) of chapter 13 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 951 of this title and Tables.

The Federal Meat Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (m)(3)(B), is titles I to IV of act Mar. 4, 1907, ch. 2907, as added Pub. L. 90–201, Dec. 15, 1967, 81 Stat. 584, and amended, which are classified generally to subchapters I to IV (§ 601 et seq.) of chapter 12 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 601 of this title and Tables.

The Poultry Products Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (m)(3)(B), is Pub. L. 85–172, Aug. 28, 1957, 71 Stat. 441, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 10 (§ 451 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 451 of this title and Tables.

The Egg Products Inspection Act, referred to in subsec. (m)(3)(B), is Pub. L. 91–597, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1620, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 15 (§ 1031 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1031 of this title and Tables.

2007—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–85 substituted “is adulterated, misbranded, or in violation of section 355 of this title, or prohibited from introduction or delivery for introduction into interstate commerce under section 331 (ll) of this title,” for “is adulterated, misbranded, or in violation of section 355 of this title,”.

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–462, § 5(a)(1), inserted after third sentence “If such article is subject to a requirement under section 379aa or 379aa–1 of this title and if the Secretary has credible evidence or information indicating that the responsible person (as defined in such section 379aa or 379aa–1 of this title) has not complied with a requirement of such section 379aa or 379aa–1 of this title with respect to any such article, or has not allowed access to records described in such section 379aa or 379aa–1 of this title, then such article shall be refused admission, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–462, § 5(a)(2), in second sentence, inserted “(1)” before “an article included”, “or (2) with respect to an article included within the provision of the fourth sentence of subsection (a), the responsible person (as defined in section 379aa or 379aa–1 of this title) can take action that would assure that the responsible person is in compliance with section 379aa or 379aa–1 of this title, as the case may be,” before “final determination”, and “, or, with respect to clause (2), the responsible person,” before “to perform”.

2002—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 107–188, § 322(a), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “No component of a drug, no component part or accessory of a device, or other article of device requiring further processing, which is ready or suitable for use for health-related purposes, and no food additive, color additive, or dietary supplement, including a product in bulk form, shall be excluded from importation into the United States under subsection (a) of this section if—

“(A) the importer of such article of a drug or device or importer of the food additive, color additive, or dietary supplement submits a statement to the Secretary, at the time of initial importation, that such article of a drug or device, food additive, color additive, or dietary supplement is intended to be further processed by the initial owner or consignee, or incorporated by the initial owner or consignee into a drug, biological product, device, food, food additive, color additive, or dietary supplement that will be exported by such owner or consignee from the United States in accordance with subsection (e) of this section or section 382 of this title or section 262 (h) of title 42;

“(B) the initial owner or consignee responsible for such imported article maintains records that identify the use of such imported article and upon request of the Secretary submits a report that provides an accounting of the exportation or the disposition of the imported article, including portions that have been destroyed, and the manner in which such person complied with the requirements of this paragraph; and

“(C) any imported component, part, article, or accessory of a drug or device and any food additive, color additive, or dietary supplement not incorporated or further processed as described in subparagraph (A) is destroyed or exported by the owner or consignee.”

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107–188, § 302(a)–(c), added subsec. (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–188, § 302(d), added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 107–188, § 303(c), added subsec. (j).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 107–188, § 304(e), added subsec. (k).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 107–188, § 305(c), added subsec. (l).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 107–188, § 307(a), added subsec. (m).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 107–188, § 308(a), added subsec. (n).

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 107–188, § 321(b)(1), added subsec. (o).

2000—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 106–387, § 1(a) [title VII, § 745(c)(1)], inserted “and section 384 of this title” after “paragraph (2)”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–387, § 1(a) [title VII, § 746(c)], added subsec. (g).

1997—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–115 inserted “or composed wholly or partly of insulin” after “353(b) of this title”.

1996—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 104–180, § 603(a), substituted “accessory of a device, or other article of device requiring further processing, which is ready” for “accessory of a device which is ready” in introductory provisions, inserted “further processed by the initial owner or consignee, or” after “is intended to be” in subpar. (A), and inserted “article,” after “part,” and “or further processed” after “incorporated” in subpar. (C).

Pub. L. 104–134, § 2102(a)(1), added par. (3)

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 104–134, § 2102(a)(1), added par. (4).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 104–134, § 2102(b)(1), struck out concluding provisions which read as follows: “This paragraph does not authorize the exportation of any new animal drug, or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug, which is unsafe within the meaning of section 360b of this title.”

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 104–134, § 2102(b)(2), in concluding provisions, substituted “either (i) the Secretary” for “the Secretary” and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (e)(3), (4). Pub. L. 104–134, § 2102(b)(3), added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–180, § 603(b), inserted “(other than insulin, an antibiotic drug, an animal drug, or a drug exported under section 382 of this title)” after “If a drug” in par. (1) and “A drug exported under section 382 of this title is exempt from this section.” at end of par. (2).

Pub. L. 104–134, § 2102(c), added subsec. (f).

1993—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–80, § 3(dd)(1), substituted “Health and Human Services” for “Agriculture” after “Secretary of” in two places in first sentence.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–80, § 3(cc), substituted “Secretary of Health and Human Services” for “Administrator” after “If it appears to the”, “Secretary” for “Administrator” after “provisions of this subsection, the”, “Secretary’s” for “Administrator’s” after “as may be specified in the”, “Department of Health and Human Services” for “Federal Security Agency”, and “Secretary” for “Administrator” after “designated by the”.

1992—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 102–300, which directed the substitution of “Health and Human Services” for “Health, Education, and Welfare” wherever appearing, was executed in second sentence of subsec. (a), but could not be executed in first sentence of subsec. (a) or in subsec. (b) because such words did not appear. See 1993 Amendment note above and Transfer of Functions note below.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 102–353 substituted “manufacturer of” for “person who manufactured”.

1988—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 100–293 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–295, §§ 3(f)(2), 4 (b)(3), expanded provisions requiring the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to request that the Secretary of the Treasury deliver to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare items imported or offered for import into the United States that were manufactured, prepared, propagated, compounded, or processed in non-registered establishments by extending the provisions to include devices imported or offered for import, and, in cl. (1), inserted reference to devices which were manufactured, packed, stored, or installed using methods, facilities, or controls not conforming to the requirements of section 360j (f) of this title.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–295, § 3(f)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–513 substituted “Clause (2) of the third sentence of this paragraph” for “This paragraph” and “the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act” for “section 173 of this title” in last sentence.

1968—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–399 provided that nothing in subsec. (d) shall authorize the exportation of any new animal drug, or an animal feed bearing or containing a new animal drug, which is unsafe within the meaning of section 360b of this title.

1962—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–781 inserted provisions requiring the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to furnish the Secretary of the Treasury a list of establishments registered under section 360 (i) of this title, and to request that samples of any drugs from any establishments not so registered be delivered to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, with notice of delivery to the consignee who may appear before the Secretary to testify.

1949—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 18, 1949, § 1, inserted before period at end of second sentence “, except as provided in subsection (b) of this section. The Secretary of the Treasury shall cause the destruction of any such article refused admission unless such article is exported, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury within ninety days of the notice of such refusal or within such additional time as may be permitted pursuant to such regulations”.

Subsec. (b). Act Oct. 18, 1949, § 2, provided for express statutory authority for the long-standing administrative practice of releasing imported articles that do not comply with the requirements of the law so that they may be relabeled or given appropriate treatment to bring them into compliance.

Subsec. (c). Act Oct. 18, 1949, § 3, charged all costs, including salaries and travel and subsistence expenses of officers and employees, against importers.

Pub. L. 109–462, § 5(b), Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3476, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2006].”

Amendment by section 321(b)(1) of Pub. L. 107–188 effective upon the expiration of the 180-day period beginning June 12, 2002, see section 321(c) of Pub. L. 107–188, set out as a note under section 331 of this title.

Amendment by section 322(a) of Pub. L. 107–188 effective upon the expiration of the 90-day period beginning June 12, 2002, see section 322(c) of Pub. L. 107–188, set out as a note under section 331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–293 effective upon expiration of 90 days after Apr. 22, 1988, see section 8(a) of Pub. L. 100–293, set out as a note under section 353 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–513 effective on first day of seventh calendar month that begins after Oct. 26, 1970, see section 704 of Pub. L. 91–513, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801 of this title.

Amendment of subsec. (d) by Pub. L. 90–399 effective on first day of thirteenth calendar month after July 13, 1968, see section 108(a) of Pub. L. 90–399, set out as an Effective Date and Transitional Provisions note under section 360b of this title.

Pub. L. 107–188, title III, § 307(c), June 12, 2002, 116 Stat. 672, provided that:

“(1) In general.—Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [June 12, 2002], the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall promulgate proposed and final regulations for the requirement of providing notice in accordance with section 801(m) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 381 (m)] (as added by subsection (a) of this section). Such requirement of notification takes effect—

“(A) upon the effective date of such final regulations; or

“(B) upon the expiration of such 18-month period if the final regulations have not been made effective as of the expiration of such period, subject to compliance with the final regulations when the final regulations are made effective.

“(2) Default; minimum period of advance notice.—If under paragraph (1) the requirement for providing notice in accordance with section 801(m) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 381 (m)] takes effect without final regulations having been made effective, then for purposes of such requirement, the specified period of time that the notice is required to be made in advance of the time of the importation of the article of food involved or the offering of the food for import shall be not fewer than eight hours and not more than five days, which shall remain in effect until the final regulations are made effective.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–513 not to affect or abate any prosecutions for violation of law or any civil seizure or forfeitures and injunctive proceedings commenced prior to the effective date of such amendment, and all administrative proceedings pending before the Bureau of Narcotic and Dangerous Drugs [now Drug Enforcement Administration] on Oct. 27, 1970, to be continued and brought to final determination in accord with laws and regulations in effect prior to Oct. 27, 1970, see section 702 of Pub. L. 91–513, set out as a note under section 321 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–188, title III, § 308(c), June 12, 2002, 116 Stat. 673, provided that: “With respect to articles of food that are imported or offered for import into the United States, nothing in this section [amending this section and section 343 of this title] shall be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary of the Treasury to require the marking of refused articles of food under any other provision of law.”

Secretary and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare redesignated Secretary and Department of Health and Human Services by Pub. L. 96–88, title V, § 509(b), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695, which is classified to section 3508 (b) of Title 20, Education.

For transfer of functions of Federal Security Administrator to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare [now Health and Human Services], and of Food and Drug Administration in the Department of Agriculture to Federal Security Agency, see notes set out under section 321 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–173, title XI, § 1123, Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2469, provided that: “The President’s designees shall conduct a study and report on issues related to trade and pharmaceuticals.”

Pub. L. 106–387, § 1(a) [title VII, § 746(b)], Oct. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 1549, 1549A–40, provided that: “The Congress finds as follows:

“(1) Patients and their families sometimes have reason to import into the United States drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (‘FDA’).

“(2) There have been circumstances in which—

“(A) an individual seeking to import such a drug has received a notice from FDA that importing the drug violates or may violate the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act [21 U.S.C. 301 et seq.]; and

“(B) the notice failed to inform the individual of the reasons underlying the decision to send the notice.

“(3) FDA should not send a warning notice regarding the importation of a drug without providing to the individual involved a statement of the underlying reasons for the notice.”