23 U.S. Code § 403 - Highway safety research and development
The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), is Pub. L. 96–480, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2311, which is classified generally to chapter 63 (§ 3701 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3701 of Title 15 and Tables.
The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (l)(2)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–58, which was approved Nov. 15, 2021.
2021—Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(1), substituted “crash” for “accident” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(2), inserted “, training, education,” after “demonstration projects” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(3), substituted “$3,500,000” for “$2,500,000” and “section 402(c) in each fiscal year” for “subsection 402(c) in each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $443,989 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015,”.
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(4)(C), redesignated par. (5) as (1). Former par. (1) redesignated (2).
Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(4)(C), redesignated par. (1) as (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).
Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(4)(A), substituted “2022 through 2025, not more than $45,000,000 to conduct the research described in paragraph (2)” for “2017 through 2021 not more than $26,560,000 to conduct the research described in paragraph (1)”.
Subsec. (h)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(4)(C), redesignated pars. (2) to (4) as (3) to (5), respectively.
Subsec. (h)(5)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(4)(B), substituted “section 30102(a)” for “section 30102(a)(6)”.
Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 117–58, § 24103(5), added subsecs. (k) to (m).
2020—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 116–159 substituted “2021” for “2020” and “$26,560,000” for “$21,248,000”.
2015—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–94, § 24202(b)(1), inserted “foreign government (in coordination with the Department of State)” after “institution,”.
Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, § 24202(b)(2), inserted “foreign governments,” after “local governments,”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–94, § 4014(2), substituted “chapter 301 of title 49” for “chapter 301”.
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 114–87 substituted “and $443,989 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on December 4, 2015,” for “and $348,361 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,”.
Pub. L. 114–73 substituted “and $348,361 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on November 20, 2015,” for “and $198,087 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,”.
Pub. L. 114–41 substituted “each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2015, and $198,087 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2015, and ending on October 29, 2015,” for “each fiscal year ending before October 1, 2014, and $2,082,192 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,”.
Pub. L. 114–21 substituted “and $2,082,192 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on July 31, 2015,” for “and $1,664,384 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,”.
Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 114–94, § 4003(1)(A), substituted “shall carry” for “may carry”.
Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 114–94, § 4003(1)(B), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Funds provided under section 405 may be made to be used by the Secretary to conduct the research described in paragraph (1).”
Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 114–94, § 4003(1)(C), substituted “The” for “If the Administrator utilizes the authority under paragraph (1), the”.
Subsec. (h)(4). Pub. L. 114–94, § 4003(1)(D), substituted “The” for “If the Administrator conducts the research authorized under paragraph (1), the”.
Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 114–94, § 4003(2), added subsecs. (i) and (j).
2014—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 113–159 inserted “ending before October 1, 2014, and $1,664,384 of the total amount available for apportionment to the States for highway safety programs under section 402(c) in the period beginning on October 1, 2014, and ending on May 31, 2015,” after “each fiscal year”.
2012—Subsecs. (a) to (f). Pub. L. 112–141, § 31103(1), added subsecs. (a) to (f) and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (f) which related to authority of the Secretary generally, drugs and driver behavior, authority of Secretary to conduct research through grants and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and individuals, authority of Secretary to vest title to equipment purchased for demonstration projects in State and local agencies, authority of Secretary relating to projects to demonstrate the administrative adjudication of traffic infractions, and collaborative research and development, respectively.
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–141, § 31103(2), added subsec. (h).
2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, § 2003(a), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions relating to authority of Secretary to use funds for highway safety research programs for former provisions which related to, in par. (1), general authority of Secretary, in par. (2), additional authority of Secretary, and, in par. (3), definition of “safety”.
Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 109–59, § 2013(e), added pars. (5) and (6).
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, § 2003(b), added subsec. (g).
1998—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, § 2002(a), inserted “, including training in work zone safety management” after “personnel”.
Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105–178, § 2002(b)(1), added pars. (3) and (4).
1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, § 2003(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “The Secretary is authorized to use funds appropriated to carry out this subsection to carry out safety research which he is authorized to conduct by subsection (a) of section 307 of this title. In addition, the Secretary may use the funds appropriated to carry out this section, either independently or in cooperation with other Federal departments or agencies, for making grants to or contracting with State or local agencies, institutions, and individuals for (1) training or education of highway safety personnel, (2) research fellowships in highway safety, (3) development of improved accident investigation procedures, (4) emergency service plans, (5) demonstration projects, and (6) related activities which the Secretary deems will promote the purposes of this section. The Secretary shall assure that no fees are charged for any meetings or services attendant thereto or other activities relating to training and education of highway safety personnel.”
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, § 2003(a), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “In addition to the research authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary, in consultation with such other Government and private agencies as may be necessary, is authorized to carry out safety research on the following:
“(1) The relationship between the consumption and use of drugs and their effect upon highway safety and drivers of motor vehicles; and
“(2) Driver behavior research, including the characteristics of driver performance, the relationships of mental and physical abilities or disabilities to the driving task, and the relationship of frequency of driver accident involvement to highway safety.”
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, § 2003(c), substituted “subsections (a) and (b)” for “subsection (b)”.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, § 2003(b), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “In addition to the research authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall carry out research, development, and demonstration projects to improve and evaluate the effectiveness of various types of driver education programs in reducing traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting therefrom. The research, development, and demonstration projects authorized by this subsection may be carried out by the Secretary through grants and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and individuals. The Secretary shall report to the Congress by July 1, 1975, and each year thereafter during the continuance of the program, on the research, development, and demonstration projects authorized by this subsection, and shall include in such report an evaluation of the effectiveness of driver education programs in reducing traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting therefrom.”
1973—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §§ 208(a), 220, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a); substituted in first sentence “this subsection” for “this section”; substituted in second sentence “for making grants to or contracting with State or local agencies, institutions, and individuals for (1) training or education of highway safety personnel” for “for (1) grants to State or local agencies, institutions, and individuals for training or education of highway safety personnel” and “(6) related activities which the Secretary deems will promote the purposes of this section” for (6) related activities which are deemed by the Secretary to be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section”; and inserted requirement that the Secretary assure that no fees be charged for any meeting or services attendant thereto or other activities relating to training and education of highway safety personnel.
Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 93–87, § 208(a), added subsecs. (b) and (c).
Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 93–87, §§ 221, 222, 226(a), added subsecs. (d) to (f).
Amendment by div. A of Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective Oct. 1, 2012, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
Amendment by section 2003(a), (b) of Pub. L. 109–59 effective Oct. 1, 2005, see section 2022 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240, except as otherwise provided, effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Dec. 18, 1991, see section 2008 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.
For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under subsec. (e) of this section is listed on page 134), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.
Pub. L. 109–59, title II, § 2003(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1523, provided that:
Pub. L. 109–59, title II, § 2013, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1539, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, § 421(m), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 86; Pub. L. 112–30, title I, § 121(m), Sept. 16, 2011, 125 Stat. 348, related to agency coordination and research on drug-impaired driving enforcement, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–141, div. C, title I, § 31109(i), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 757.
Pub. L. 105–178, title II, § 2007, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 336, directed the Secretary to study the benefit to public safety of the use of blowout resistant tires on commercial motor vehicles and to study occupant safety in school buses, and to transmit to Congress a report on the results of each study not later than 2 years after June 9, 1998.
Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, § 4030, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 418, provided that:
Pub. L. 102–240, title II, § 2006, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2079, provided that:
Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, § 9004, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4525, provided that the Secretary of Transportation, acting through the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, would establish a 3-year pilot, regional program for training law enforcement officers to recognize and identify individuals operating motor vehicles while under the influence of alcohol or 1 or more controlled substances or other drugs, and not later than 1 year after the completion of the pilot program, transmit to Congress a report on the effectiveness of such program together with any recommendations.
Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, § 9005, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4526, provided that:
Pub. L. 99–570, title III, § 3402, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–102, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study to determine relationship between usage of controlled substances and highway safety and, not later than one year after Oct. 27, 1986, submit to Congress a report on results of study.
Pub. L. 95–599, title II, § 204, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2729, directed Secretary of Transportation to make a full and complete investigation and study of the need for, and, if necessary, ways and means to establish, a national driver register to assist States in electronically exchanging information regarding motor vehicle driving records of certain individuals, with Secretary to issue a final report to Congress not later than one year after Nov. 6, 1978.
Pub. L. 95–599, title II, § 212, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2734, directed Secretary to report to Congress not later than Dec. 31, 1979, concerning the progress of efforts to detect and prevent marijuana and drug use by motor vehicle operators, capabilities of law enforcement officials to detect the use of marijuana and drugs by motor vehicle operators, and a description of Federal and State projects undertaken into methods of detection and prevention.
Pub. L. 89–564, title I, § 106, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 735, as amended by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, § 5119(f), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 452, provided that:
Pub. L. 93–87, title II, § 208(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 286, provided that:
Pub. L. 93–87, title II, § 226(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 292, provided that:
Authorization of appropriation of additional sum of $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, for the purpose of carrying out this section and section 307(a) of this title, see section 105 of Pub. L. 89–564, set out as a note under section 307 of this title.