class actions

In law, the term "equity" refers to a particular set of remedies and associated procedures involved with civil law. These equitable doctrines and procedures are distinguished from "legal" ones.

• equitable relief
• equitable remedies

A frivolous claim, often called a bad faith claim, refers to a lawsuit, motion or appeal that is intended to harass, delay or embarrass the opposition.

Law of indivisible injury is a tort law concept that allows plaintiffs to recover damages from an injury caused by multiple parties, whose acts cannot be separated to assess their direct harm.

Participate, in the legal context, means to take part in something of legal consequence such as claims, business dealings, and class actions. Participation can be used without an inherent special legal meaning, such as participating in a business transaction.

A toxic tort is a subcategory of torts involving injuries to plaintiffs caused by toxic substances. Such cases are often brought under the doctrine of product liability.