land use & zoning law

A covenant is a formal agreement or promise, usually included in a contract or deed, to do or not do a particular act. Covenants are particularly relevant in the fields of contract law and property law.

In property law, the covenant of quiet enjoyment is an implied term in every lease that the tenant shall have quiet and peaceful possession of the leased premises against the lessor.

A covenant that runs with the land is a property covenant that transfers automatically when ownership of the affected land is transferred. The new owner of the property is bound by or benefits from the covenant in the same manner as the original party.

A dedication is the conveyance of private land, either in fee simple or as an easement, for public use.

Overview

Eminent domain refers to the power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use, referred to as a taking.

• property
• property law
• Eminent Domain
• takings

An enclosure is any natural or artificial boundary limiting access around a piece of land. For example, a fence, wall, hedge, ditch, or other physical barrier can be considered an enclosure. Proof of an enclosure is significant in a claim of adverse possession.

Energy is the capacity to perform work or produce power. As infrastructure, energy is delivered through various systems utilizing electricity, natural gas, oil, nuclear power, and renewable resources.

Enjoyment, in a legal context, has several related meanings; but generally, it means “to exercise a right.” Some common uses of the term “enjoyment” in a legal sense include:

Estoppel by deed is a doctrine that precludes individuals from arguing in court a position counter to what that person stated in a previous deed. The doctrine arises most frequently where someone deeded property they did not own, and later, they are involved in a dispute involving that property. For example, John sells to Parker fifty acres of land behind John’s house for $200,000.