Protection from Harassment and Stalking Act 2021

Equal Treatment between Men and Women in Employment and Vocational Training Law 2002

Law on the Prevention and Combating of Violence against Women and Domestic Violence 2021

The case Mahmoud v. Taylor, 606 U.S. 522 (2025), reached the U.S. Supreme Court after a group of religiously-diverse parents challenged the Montgomery County Board of Education’s adoption of “LGBTQ+-inclusive” storybooks for kindergarten through fifth grade, and its elimination of a pre-existing parental opt-out option for that instruction. Initially the parents sought a preliminary injunction in the U.S.

In FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine (2024), a group of anti-abortion medical organizations and doctors filed a lawsuit in the Northern District of Texas challenging the FDA’s 2000 approval of the drug mifepristone and its later regulatory changes in 2016 and 2021, which expanded access to the drug.

In the case Doe v. Hanover County School Board, the plaintiff was an eleven-year-old transgender girl identified as Janie Doe. Janie sought a preliminary injunction against the Hanover County School Board after disputes arose concerning her gender identity and recognition in school. Janie has identified and presented as female since the age of seven, and obtained an amended birth certificate reflecting her legal sex as female.

In Vlaming v. West Point School Board, the plaintiff, a high school French teacher, refused to use a transgender student’s affirmed pronouns. He believed that doing so would conflict with his religious conviction that pronouns should align with sex assigned at birth. After repeated warnings, the school board terminated his employment for failing to comply with its policy requiring staff to use students’ affirmed pronouns.

The victim and her husband lived with the appellant and the appellant’s girlfriend. The victim, accompanied by her sister, came home and knocked on the door to be let in because the door was latched. The appellant opened the door, and then he grabbed the victim’s breasts and twisted “as hard as he could” for about a minute. The appellant was charged and convicted of sexual battery, which requires proving that the accused sexually abused someone with nonconsensual force. On appeal, he contended that the evidence did not support finding that the force requirement was met.

In Parker v. Commonwealth, the appellant was in a rocky, abusive relationship with the victim since 1989. He had been convicted of stalking the victim under a prior version of § 18.2-60.3 in 1994. He was in jail in 1995, and he proceeded to repeatedly call the victim over the course of a few days.

In the case Nelson v. Commonwealth, the appellant, who was dating the 14-year-old victim’s cousin, showed the victim an explicit picture of his genitals and later touched her genitals while she slept. The appellant was convicted of aggravated sexual battery in the trial court, and he appealed, arguing that the evidence was insufficient to prove the element of force. Aggravated sexual battery requires proving that the accused intentionally sexually molested a victim who is between 13 and 15 years old through nonconsensual force.