In Agreement and Judgment No. 109 (2017), the plaintiff sued for wrongful termination, claiming that she had been fired from her job as a result of her pregnancy. The plaintiff requested that her termination be revoked and that she be compensated for lost wages, both of which the court granted. The court also ruled that pregnant people cannot be fired from their jobs, even if the employer is not aware of the pregnancy, unless the pregnant person materially violates or fails to fulfill their job obligations.

Law No. 6453 amends and expands the scope of Law No. 5508 on the promotion, protection of maternity and support for breastfeeding. Under this law, employers with more than 10 female employees are required to provide breastfeeding rooms that satisfy the requirements established by the Ministry of Public Health and Wellbeing.

Law No. 7128 (2023) approving the agreement between the Republic of Paraguay and the Plurinational State of Bolivia to strengthen the fight against trafficking in persons and related crimes, approves the bilateral agreement between Paraguay and Bolivia to cooperate in the prevention of human trafficking. The agreement provides that both countries will cooperate in formulating policies and programs to prevent human trafficking and related crimes, which includes coordinating with international and non-profit organizations and the private sector.

Law No. 6570 modifies Article 9 of Paraguay’s Labor Code and prohibits workplace discrimination on the basis of sex, among other criteria. 

Law No. 5422 (2015) amending Articles 4, 5, 6, 7, and 13 of Law No. 45/1991 establishing the binding divorce of marriage, is the most recent legislation on divorce in Paraguay. This law expands upon the enumerated causes for divorce in Article 4 of Law No. 45. The most notable addition to the list is recognition that the commission of any criminal act against one’s spouse or children is a cause for divorce. This law also removes the requirement established in Law No.

Law No. 45 established binding divorce proceedings in Paraguay by modifying the country’s Civil Code, which previously did not allow for divorce. Article 1 requires a judicial decision to finalize a divorce and, under Article 4, the spouses must allege one of the enumerated causes for divorce. However, the causes for divorce listed in Article 4 have since been modified by Law No.

Law No. 6202 (2018) adopting standards for the prevention of sexual abuse and the comprehensive care of children and adolescent victims of sexual abuse, addresses the sexual abuse and rape of children and adolescents, specifically measures for prevention and victim care. It provides that the government shall create and distribute programs to support victims of sexual abuse and to prevent and eradicate such abuse.

Law No. 3440 (2008) amends various provisions of Law No. 1160/1997, Penal Code, and, among other criminal acts, imposes penalties for rape and abortion.

• FORECLOSURE
• TAX LIEN
• takings
• FAIR MARKET VALUE
• PENALTY

When the government takes and sells a delinquent taxpayer’s property that is worth more than what the taxpayer owes, does the delinquent taxpayer get reimbursed according to the fair market value of the property, or according to what the government actually sold it for?

1. Whether, after foreclosing on and selling a property to collect delinquent taxes, the government provides just compensation under the Fifth Amendment’s Takings Clause when it pays the former property owner the difference between the property’s auction sale price and the tax debt, even though it is significantly less than the fair market value of the property.

2. Whether a government violates the Eighth Amendment’s Excessive Fines Clause when it forecloses on real property worth more than needed to satisfy a tax debt and pays the former property owner only the difference between the property’s auction sale price and the tax debt.

Michigan’s General Property Tax Act (“GPTA”) empowers local governments to levy property taxes, as well as allow exemptions to those taxes. MICH. COMP.

• Elyse Apel, U.S. Supreme Court takes up Michigan foreclosure case, The Center Square (Dec. 5, 2025).
• Katherine Dailey, U.S. Supreme Court to decide if Michigan family is owed by county for house seized over tax bill, Michigan Advance (Jan. 7, 2026).
• Lauren Gibbons, After government sold their home, Michiganders take fight to Supreme Court, Bridge Michigan (Dec. 15, 2025).

• EXPROPRIATION
• property
• USUFRUCT
• CAUSE OF ACTION

Must a plaintiff bringing a claim under Title III of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (LIBERTAD) Act prove that the defendant trafficked in property confiscated by the Cuban government in which the plaintiff holds a claim, or instead in property the plaintiff would have owned at the time of trafficking had no expropriation occurred?

Whether a plaintiff under Title III of the LIBERTAD Act must prove that the defendant trafficked in property confiscated by the Cuban government as to which the plaintiff owns a claim, or instead that the defendant trafficked in property that the plaintiff would have continued to own at the time of trafficking in a counterfactual world “as if there had been no expropriation.”

In 1905, the Cuban government granted a company, Compañia del Puerto, a concession—an agreement to build and operate a pier at Havana’s port at its own expense. Havana Docks Corp. v.

• Julia Elbaba & Adriana Gomez Licon, Cruise lines score victory from appeals court reversal of $439M illegal tourism lawsuit, NBC 6 South Florida (Oct. 23, 2024).
• Amy Howe, Supreme Court to hear arguments on confiscations by Cuban government, SCOTUSblog (Feb. 18, 2026).
• Cruise lines to appeal U.S court’s big award to owner of Havana dock, Reuters (Jan. 3, 2023).
• Zach Schonfeld, Supreme Court takes up disputes over seized Cuba property, The Hill (Oct. 3, 2025).