Haw. Code R. § 11-266-102 - Permit standards for burners
(a) Applicability.
(1) General. Owners and operators of boilers
and industrial furnaces burning hazardous waste and not operating under interim
status must comply with the requirements of this section and sections 11-270-22 and 11-270-66, unless exempt under the small quantity burner exemption of
section 11-266-108.
(2)
Applicability of chapter 11-264 standards. Owners and operators of boilers and
industrial furnaces that burn hazardous waste are subject to the following
provisions of chapter 11-264, except as provided otherwise by this subchapter:
(i) In subchapter A (General), section
11-264-4;
(iv) In subchapter D (Contingency plan and
emergency procedures), sections 11-264-51 through 11-264-56;
(v) In subchapter E (Manifest system,
recordkeeping, and reporting), the applicable provisions of sections 11-264-71 through 11-264-77;
(viii) In subchapter H (Financial
requirements), sections 11-264-141, 11-264-142, 11-264-143, and 11-264-147 through 11-264-151, except that the State and the federal government are exempt
from the requirements of subchapter H; and
(ix) Subchapter BB (Air emission standards
for equipment leaks), except subsection 11-264-1050(a).
(b) Hazardous waste analysis.
(1) The owner or operator must provide an
analysis of the hazardous waste that quantifies the concentration of any
constituent identified in appendix VIII of chapter 11-261 that may reasonably
be expected to be in the waste. Such constituents must be identified and
quantified if present, at levels detectable by analytical procedures prescribed
by Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods
(incorporated by reference, see section 11-260-11). Alternative methods that
meet or exceed the method performance capabilities of SW-846 methods may be
used. If SW-846 does not prescribe a method for a particular determination, the
owner or operator shall use the best available method. The appendix VIII,
chapter 11-261 constituents excluded from this analysis must be identified and
the basis for their exclusion explained. This analysis will be used to provide
all information required by this subchapter and section 11-270-22 and section
11-270-66 and to enable the permit writer to prescribe such permit conditions
as necessary to protect human health and the environment. Such analysis must be
included as a portion of the Part B permit application, or, for facilities
operating under the interim status standards of this subchapter, as a portion
of the trial burn plan that may be submitted before the Part B application
under provisions of subsection 11-270-66(g) as well as any other analysis
required by the permit authority in preparing the permit. Owners and operators
of boilers and industrial furnaces not operating under the interim status
standards must provide the information required by section 11-270-22 or
subsection 11-270-66(c) in the Part B application to the greatest extent
possible.
(2) Throughout normal
operation, the owner or operator must conduct sampling and analysis as
necessary to ensure that the hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial
furnace feedstocks fired into the boiler or industrial furnace are within the
physical and chemical composition limits specified in the permit.
(c) Emissions standards. Owners
and operators must comply with emissions standards provided by sections
11-266-104 through 11-266-107.
(d)
Permits.
(1) The owner or operator may burn
only hazardous wastes specified in the facility permit and only under the
operating conditions specified under subsection (e), except in approved trial
burns under the conditions specified in section 11-270-66.
(2) Hazardous wastes not specified in the
permit may not be burned until operating conditions have been specified under a
new permit or permit modification, as applicable. Operating requirements for
new wastes may be based on either trial burn results or alternative data
included with Part B of a permit application under section 11-270-22.
(3) Boilers and industrial furnaces operating
under the interim status standards of section 11-266-103 are permitted under
procedures provided by subsection 11-270-66(g).
(4) A permit for a new boiler or industrial
furnace (those boilers and industrial furnaces not operating under the interim
status standards) must establish appropriate conditions for each of the
applicable requirements of this section, including but not limited to allowable
hazardous waste firing rates and operating conditions necessary to meet the
requirements of subsection (e), in order to comply with the following
standards:
(i) For the period beginning with
initial introduction of hazardous waste and ending with initiation of the trial
burn, and only for the minimum time required to bring the device to a point of
operational readiness to conduct a trial burn, not to exceed a duration of
seven-hundred and twenty hours operating time when burning hazardous waste, the
operating requirements must be those most likely to ensure compliance with the
emission standards of sections 11-266-104 through 11-266-107, based on the
director's engineering judgment. If the applicant is seeking a waiver from a
trial burn to demonstrate conformance with a particular emission standard, the
operating requirements during this initial period of operation shall include
those specified by the applicable provisions of sections 11-266-104,
11-266-105, 11-266-106, or section 11-266-107. The director may extend the
duration of this period for up to seven-hundred and twenty additional hours
when good cause for the extension is demonstrated by the applicant.
(ii) For the duration of the trial burn, the
operating requirements must be sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the
emissions standards of sections 11-266-104 through 11-266-107 and must be in
accordance with the approved trial burn plan;
(iii) For the period immediately following
completion of the trial burn, and only for the minimum period sufficient to
allow sample analysis, data computation, submission of the trial burn results
by the applicant, review of the trial burn results and modification of the
facility permit by the director to reflect the trial burn results, the
operating requirements must be those most likely to ensure compliance with the
emission standards of sections 11-266-104 through 11-266-107 based on the
director's engineering judgment.
(iv) For the remaining duration of the
permit, the operating requirements must be those demonstrated in a trial burn
or by alternative data specified in section 11-270-22, as sufficient to ensure
compliance with the emissions standards of sections 11-266-104 through
11-266-107.
(e) Operating requirements --
(1) General. A boiler or industrial furnace
burning hazardous waste must be operated in accordance with the operating
requirements specified in the permit at all times where there is hazardous
waste in the unit.
(2) Requirements
to ensure compliance with the organic emissions standards--
(i) DRE standard. Operating conditions will
be specified either on a case-by-case basis for each hazardous waste burned as
those demonstrated (in a trial burn or by alternative data as specified in
section 11-270-22) to be sufficient to comply with the destruction and removal
efficiency (DRE) performance standard of subsection 11-266-104(a) or as those
special operating requirements provided by paragraph 11-266-104(a)(4) for the
waiver of the DRE trial burn. When the DRE trial burn is not waived under
paragraph 11-266-104(a)(4), each set of operating requirements will specify the
composition of the hazardous waste (including acceptable variations in the
physical and chemical properties of the hazardous waste which will not affect
compliance with the DRE performance standard) to which the operating
requirements apply. For each such hazardous waste, the permit will specify
acceptable operating limits including, but not limited to, the following
conditions as appropriate:
(A) Feed rate of
hazardous waste and other fuels measured and specified as prescribed in
paragraph (e) (6);
(B) Minimum and
maximum device production rate when producing normal product expressed in
appropriate units, measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph
(e)(6);
(C) Appropriate controls of
the hazardous waste firing system;
(D) Allowable variation in boiler and
industrial furnace system design or operating procedures;
(E) Minimum combustion gas temperature
measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber temperature, measured
and specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6);
(F) An appropriate indicator of combustion
gas velocity, measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6), unless
documentation is provided under section 11-270-66 demonstrating adequate
combustion gas residence time; and
(G) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the DRE performance standard of subsection
11-266-104(a) is met.
(ii) Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon
standards. The permit must incorporate a carbon monoxide (CO) limit and, as
appropriate, a hydrocarbon (HC) limit as provided by subsections 11-266-104(b),
11-266-104(c), 11-266-104(d), 11-266-104(e) and 11-266-104(f). The permit
limits will be specified as follows:
(A) When
complying with the CO standard of paragraph 11-266-104(b)(1), the permit limit
is one-hundred ppmv;
(B) When
complying with the alternative CO standard under subsection 11-266-104(c), the
permit limit for CO is based on the trial burn and is established as the
average over all valid runs of the highest hourly rolling average CO level of
each run, and the permit limit for HC is twenty ppmv (as defined in paragraph
11-266-104(c)(1)), except as provided in subsection 11-266-104(f).
(C) When complying with the alternative HC
limit for industrial furnaces under subsection 11-266-104(f), the permit limit
for HC and CO is the baseline level when hazardous waste is not burned as
specified by that subsection.
(iii) Start-up and shut-down. During start-up
and shutdown of the boiler or industrial furnace, hazardous waste (except waste
fed solely as an ingredient under the Tier I (or adjusted Tier I) feed rate
screening limits for metals and chloride/chlorine, and except low risk waste
exempt from the trial burn requirements under paragraph 11-266-104(a)(5),
sections 11-266-105, 11-266-106, and 11-266-107) must not be fed into the
device unless the device is operating within the conditions of operation
specified in the permit.
(3) Requirements to ensure conformance with
the particulate standard.
(i) Except as
provided in subparagraphs (e)(3)(ii) and (e)(3)(iii), the permit shall specify
the following operating requirements to ensure conformance with the particulate
standard specified in section 11-266-105;
(A)
Total ash feed rate to the device from hazardous waste, other fuels, and
industrial furnace feedstocks, measured and specified as prescribed in
paragraph (e)(6);
(B) Maximum
device production rate when producing normal product expressed in appropriate
units, and measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph (e) (6);
(C) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control
system;
(D) Allowable variation in
boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control
system or operating procedures; and
(E) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the particulate standard in subsection 11-266-111(b)
is met.
(ii) Permit
conditions to ensure conformance with the particulate matter standard shall not
be provided for facilities exempt from the particulate matter standard under
subsection 11-266-105(b);
(iii) For
cement kilns and light-weight aggregate kilns, permit conditions to ensure
compliance with the particulate standard shall not limit the ash content of
hazardous waste or other feed materials.
(4) Requirements to ensure conformance with
the metals emissions standard.
(i) For
conformance with the Tier I (or adjusted Tier I) metals feed rate screening
limits of subsection 11-266-106(b) or 11-266-106(e), the permit shall specify
the following operating requirements:
(A)
Total feed rate of each metal in hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial
furnace feedstocks measured and specified under provisions of paragraph
(e)(6);
(B) Total feed rate of
hazardous waste measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph
(e)(6);
(C) A sampling and metals
analysis program for the hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace
feedstocks;
(ii) For
conformance with the Tier II metals emission rate screening limits under
subsection 11-266-106(c) and the Tier III metals controls under subsection
11-266-106(d), the permit shall specify the following operating requirements:
(A) Maximum emission rate for each metal
specified as the average emission rate during the trial burn;
(B) Feed rate of total hazardous waste and
pumpable hazardous waste, each measured and specified as prescribed in
subparagraph (e) (6) (i);
(C) Feed
rate of each metal in the following feedstreams, measured and specified as
prescribed in paragraph (e) (6):
(1) Total
feed streams;
(2) Total hazardous
waste feed; and
(3) Total pumpable
hazardous waste feed;
(D) Total feed rate of chlorine and chloride
in total feed streams measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph
(e)(6);
(E) Maximum combustion gas
temperature measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber
temperature, and measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph
(e)(6);
(F) Maximum flue gas
temperature at the inlet to the particulate matter air pollution control system
measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6);
(G) Maximum device production rate when
producing normal product expressed in appropriate units and measured and
specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6);
(H) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control
system;
(I) Allowable variation in
boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control
system or operating procedures; and
(J) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the metals standards under subsection 11-266-106(c) or
11-266-106(d) are met.
(iii) For conformance with an alternative
implementation approach approved by the director under subsection
11-266-106(f), the permit will specify the following operating requirements:
(A) Maximum emission rate for each metal
specified as the average emission rate during the trial burn;
(B) Feed rate of total hazardous waste and
pumpable hazardous waste, each measured and specified as prescribed in
subparagraph (e) (6) (i);
(C) Feed
rate of each metal in the following feedstreams, measured and specified as
prescribed in paragraph (e) (6):
(1) Total
hazardous waste feed; and
(2) Total
pumpable hazardous waste feed;
(D) Total feed rate of chlorine and chloride
in total feed streams measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph
(e)(6);
(E) Maximum combustion gas
temperature measured at a location indicative of combustion chamber
temperature, and measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph
(e)(6);
(F) Maximum flue gas
temperature at the inlet to the particulate matter air pollution control system
measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6);
(G) Maximum device production rate when
producing normal product expressed in appropriate units and measured and
specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6);
(H) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control
system;
(I) Allowable variation in
boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control
system or operating procedures; and
(J) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the metals standards under subsection 11-266-106(c) or
11-266-106(d) are met.
(5) Requirements to ensure conformance with
the hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas standards.
(i) For conformance with the Tier I total
chloride and chlorine feed rate screening limits of paragraph 11-266-107(b)
(1), the permit will specify the following operating requirements:
(A) Feed rate of total chloride and chlorine
in hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial furnace feedstocks measured and
specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6);
(B) Feed rate of total hazardous waste
measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph (e) (6);
(C) A sampling and analysis program for total
chloride and chlorine for the hazardous waste, other fuels, and industrial
furnace feedstocks;
(ii)
For conformance with the Tier II HCl and Cl2 emission
rate screening limits under subsection 11-266-107(b)(2) and the Tier III HCl
and Cl2 controls under subsection 11-266-107(c), the
permit will specify the following operating requirements:
(A) Maximum emission rate for HCI and for
Cl2 specified as the average emission rate during the
trial burn;
(B) Feed rate of total
hazardous waste measured and specified as prescribed in paragraph (e)
(6);
(C) Total feed rate of
chlorine and chloride in total feed streams, measured and specified as
prescribed in paragraph (e) (6);
(D) Maximum device production rate when
producing normal product expressed in appropriate units, measured and specified
as prescribed in paragraph (e)(6);
(E) Appropriate controls on operation and
maintenance of the hazardous waste firing system and any air pollution control
system;
(F) Allowable variation in
boiler and industrial furnace system design including any air pollution control
system or operating procedures; and
(G) Such other operating requirements as are
necessary to ensure that the HCI and Cl2 standards under
paragraph 11-266-107(b)(2) or subsection 11-266-107(c) are met.
(6) Measuring
parameters and establishing limits based on trial burn data--
(i) General requirements. As specified in
paragraphs (e)(2) through (e)(5), each operating parameter shall be measured,
and permit limits on the parameter shall be established, according to either of
the following procedures:
(A) Instantaneous
limits. A parameter may be measured and recorded on an instantaneous basis
(i.e., the value that occurs at any time) and the permit limit specified as the
time-weighted average during all valid runs of the trial burn; or
(B) Hourly rolling average.
(1) The limit for a parameter may be
established and continuously monitored on an hourly rolling average basis
defined as follows:
(i) A continuous monitor
is one which continuously samples the regulated parameter without interruption,
and evaluates the detector response at least once each fifteen seconds, and
computes and records the average value at least every sixty seconds.
(ii) An hourly rolling average is the
arithmetic mean of the sixty most recent one-minute average values recorded by
the continuous monitoring system.
(2) The permit limit for the parameter shall
be established based on trial burn data as the average over all valid test runs
of the highest hourly rolling average value for each run.
(ii) Rolling average limits for
carcinogenic metals and lead. Feed rate limits for the carcinogenic metals
(i.e., arsenic, beryllium, cadmium and chromium) and lead may be established
either on an hourly rolling average basis as prescribed by subparagraph
(e)(6)(i) or on (up to) a twenty-four hour rolling average basis. If the owner
or operator elects to use an average period from two to twenty-four hours:
(A) The feed rate of each metal shall be
limited at any time to ten times the feed rate that would be allowed on an
hourly rolling average basis;
(B)
The continuous monitor shall meet the following specifications:
(1) A continuous monitor is one which
continuously samples the regulated parameter without interruption, and
evaluates the detector response at least once each fifteen seconds, and
computes and records the average value at least every sixty seconds.
(2) The rolling average for the selected
averaging period is defined as the arithmetic mean of one hour block averages
for the averaging period. A one hour block average is the arithmetic mean of
the one minute averages recorded during the sixty-minute period beginning at
one minute after the beginning of preceding clock hour; and
(C) The permit limit for the feed
rate of each metal shall be established based on trial burn data as the average
over all valid test runs of the highest hourly rolling average feed rate for
each run.
(iii) Feed
rate limits for metals, total chloride and chlorine, and ash. Feed rate limits
for metals, total chlorine and chloride, and ash are established and monitored
by knowing the concentration of the substance (i.e., metals, chloride/chlorine,
and ash) in each feedstream and the flow rate of the feedstream. To monitor the
feed rate of these substances, the flow rate of each feedstream must be
monitored under the continuous monitoring requirements of subparagraphs (e) (6)
(i) and (e) (6) (ii).
(iv) Conduct
of trial burn testing.
(A) If compliance with
all applicable emissions standards of sections 11-266-104 through 11-266-107 is
not demonstrated simultaneously during a set of test runs, the operating
conditions of additional test runs required to demonstrate compliance with
remaining emissions standards must be as close as possible to the original
operating conditions.
(B) Prior to
obtaining test data for purposes of demonstrating compliance with the emissions
standards of sections 11-266-104 through 11-266-107 or establishing limits on
operating parameters under this section, the facility must operate under trial
burn conditions for a sufficient period to reach steady-state operations. The
director may determine, however, that industrial furnaces that recycle
collected particulate matter back into the furnace and that comply with an
alternative implementation approach for metals under subsection 11-266-106(f)
need not reach steady state conditions with respect to the flow of metals in
the system prior to beginning compliance testing for metals
emissions.
(C) Trial burn data on
the level of an operating parameter for which a limit must be established in
the permit must be obtained during emissions sampling for the pollutant(s)
(i.e., metals, PM, HCl/Cl2, organic compounds) for which
the parameter must be established as specified by subsection (e).
(7) General
requirements--
(i) Fugitive emissions.
Fugitive emissions must be controlled by:
(A)
Keeping the combustion zone totally sealed against fugitive emissions;
or
(B) Maintaining the combustion
zone pressure lower than atmospheric pressure; or
(C) An alternate means of control
demonstrated (with Part B of the permit application) to provide fugitive
emissions control equivalent to maintenance of combustion zone pressure lower
than atmospheric pressure.
(ii) Automatic waste feed cutoff. A boiler or
industrial furnace must be operated with a functioning system that
automatically cuts off the hazardous waste feed when operating conditions
deviate from those established under this section. The director may limit the
number of cutoffs per an operating period on a case-by-case basis. In addition:
(A) The permit limit for (the indicator of)
minimum combustion chamber temperature must be maintained while hazardous waste
or hazardous waste residues remain in the combustion chamber,
(B) Exhaust gases must be ducted to the air
pollution control system operated in accordance with the permit requirements
while hazardous waste or hazardous waste residues remain in the combustion
chamber; and
(C) Operating
parameters for which permit limits are established must continue to be
monitored during the cutoff, and the hazardous waste feed shall not be
restarted until the levels of those parameters comply with the permit limits.
For parameters that may be monitored on an instantaneous basis, the director
will establish a minimum period of time after a waste feed cutoff during which
the parameter must not exceed the permit limit before the hazardous waste feed
may be restarted.
(iii)
Changes. A boiler or industrial furnace must cease burning hazardous waste when
changes in combustion properties, or feed rates of the hazardous waste, other
fuels, or industrial furnace feedstocks, or changes in the boiler or industrial
furnace design or operating conditions deviate from the limits as specified in
the permit.
(8)
Monitoring and Inspections.
(i) The owner or
operator must monitor and record the following, at a minimum, while burning
hazardous waste:
(A) If specified by the
permit, feed rates and composition of hazardous waste, other fuels, and
industrial furnace feedstocks, and feed rates of ash, metals, and total
chloride and chlorine;
(B) If
specified by the permit, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and oxygen on
a continuous basis at a common point in the boiler or industrial furnace
downstream of the combustion zone and prior to release of stack gases to the
atmosphere in accordance with operating requirements specified in subparagraph
(e)(2)(ii). CO, HC, and oxygen monitors must be installed, operated, and
maintained in accordance with methods specified in appendix IX.
(C) Upon the request of the director,
sampling and analysis of the hazardous waste (and other fuels and industrial
furnace feedstocks as appropriate), residues, and exhaust emissions must be
conducted to verify that the operating requirements established in the permit
achieve the applicable standards of sections 11-266-104, 11-266-105,
11-266-106, and 11-266-107.
(ii) All monitors shall record data in units
corresponding to the permit limit unless otherwise specified in the
permit.
(iii) The boiler or
industrial furnace and associated equipment (pumps, valves, pipes, fuel storage
tanks, etc.) must be subjected to thorough visual inspection when it contains
hazardous waste, at least daily for leaks, spills, fugitive emissions, and
signs of tampering.
(iv) The
automatic hazardous waste feed cutoff system and associated alarms must be
tested at least once every seven days when hazardous waste is burned to verify
operability, unless the applicant demonstrates to the director that weekly
inspections will unduly restrict or upset operations and that less frequent
inspections will be adequate. At a minimum, operational testing must be
conducted at least once every thirty days.
(v) These monitoring and inspection data must
be recorded and the records must be placed in the operating record required by
section 11-264-73.
(9)
Direct transfer to the burner. If hazardous waste is directly transferred from
a transport vehicle to a boiler or industrial furnace without the use of a
storage unit, the owner and operator must comply with section
11-266-111.
(10) Recordkeeping. The
owner or operator must keep in the operating record of the facility all
information and data required by this section until closure of the
facility.
(11) Closure. At closure,
the owner or operator must remove all hazardous waste and hazardous waste
residues (including, but not limited to, ash, scrubber waters, and scrubber
sludges) from the boiler or industrial furnace.
Notes
State regulations are updated quarterly; we currently have two versions available. Below is a comparison between our most recent version and the prior quarterly release. More comparison features will be added as we have more versions to compare.
No prior version found.