Stalking involves repeated, unwanted attention or surveillance that causes fear or distress. Many legal frameworks criminalize stalking behavior and offer protection orders and remedies.
The accused was charged with the act of stalking a female customer at a shopping mall, taking photographs of her buttocks in trousers with his cellular phone with a built-in digital camera from a close distance. The court held that this act constituted an obscene act making a victim feel embarrassed or insecure under the Hokkaido Prefecture Ordinance on Prevention of Violent Public Nuisance No. 34 of 1965, which criminalizes obscene behavior.
Alaska Stat. § 11.61.123 makes it a crime to knowingly view, or to produce a picture of, the private exposure of another’s genitals, anus, or female breast, without proper consent or statutory authority. Each instance of viewing or each creation of an image is treated as a separate offense. The statute excludes conduct by law enforcement while acting under their authority for law enforcement purposes. It provides as an affirmative defense of lawful security surveillance with posted notice or photography undertaken solely for crime prevention or prosecution.
Section 18.65.850 of the Alaska statutes allows a person who reasonably believes they are a victim of stalking or sexual assault (outside the context of domestic violence) to petition a district or superior court for a protective order.
Alaska Stat. § 21.36.430 protects individuals who have experienced domestic violence, as well as those who provide services to such individuals, from discriminatory treatment by insurers. Under this statute, an insurer may not deny, cancel, refuse to renew, limit coverage, deny a valid claim, or raise premiums solely on the basis of a person’s status as a domestic violence survivor or service provider.
Alaska Statutes §§ 11.41.260–.270 establish the laws for stalking in the first and second degree. Under § 11.41.270, a person commits stalking in the second degree by knowingly engaging in a course of nonconsensual conduct that recklessly places another in fear of death, physical injury to themselves or a family member.
This is an amending Act to the Crimes Act 1958 (Victoria).
Under the Criminal Code, rape is defined quite narrowly as “sexual intercourse against a person’s will with the use or threat of physical violence present or deprivation of possibility of resistance.” There is also no mention of rape in marriage. To hold a person liable for rape, which is punished by imprisonment for up to seven years, the victim or their representative must file a complaint. However, in the case of rape (i) by a group of accomplices or (ii) of a minor or a young child, the term of imprisonment can be longer, and complaint filing is not needed.
The systematic and covert technical surveillance of a spouse’s highly personal area of life, resulting in psychological stress, justifies the issuance of a temporary injunction against the spouse pursuant to Section 382c and Section 382d Execution Order (Exekutionsordnung - EO).
The Campus Sexual Assault, Dating Violence, Domestic Violence, and Stalking Prevention and Response Act modernizes New York State's sexual-assault response programs by requiring all New York State colleges and universities to adopt uniform policies for preventing and responding to sexual assault, dating violence, domestic violence, and stalking. It mandates a comprehensive system of definitions, rights, procedures, and reporting obligations that apply to every institution chartered by the Regents or created by legislative act.
