Article I 

• Section 1
  • Delegation of Legislative Power
    • The History of the Doctrine of Nondelegability
    • The Nature and Scope of Permissible Delegations
    • Delegations to the President in Areas of Shared Authority
      • Foreign Affairs
      • Military
    • Delegations to States and to Private Entities
      • Delegations to the States
      • Delegations to Private Entities
    • Particular Subjects or Concerns—Closer Scrutiny or Uniform Standard?
• Section 2
  • Clause 1
    • Organization of the House of Representatives
    • Electors for the House
  • Clause 2
    • Qualifications of Members of the House of Representatives
  • Clause 3
    • Enumeration Clause
  • Clause 4
    • In General
  • Clause 5
    • The Power of Impeachment
      • The Power of Impeachment: Overview
      • The Power of Impeachment: Historical Background
      • The Power of Impeachment: Doctrine and Practice
      • The Power of Impeachment: Select Topics for Consideration
        • Alternatives to Impeachment
• Section 3
  • Clause 1
    • In General
  • Clause 2
    • The Senate: Overview
  • Clause 3
    • In General
  • Clause 4
    • In General
  • Clause 5
    • In General
  • Clause 6
    • The Power to Try Impeachments
      • The Power to Try Impeachments: Overview
      • The Power to Try Impeachments: Historical Background
      • The Power to Try Impeachments: Doctrine and Practice
        • Senate Practices in Impeachment
        • Requirement of Oath or Affirmation
        • Presidential Impeachments
  • Clause 7
    • Judgment in Cases of Impeachment
      • Judgment in Cases of Impeachment: Overview
      • Judgment in Cases of Impeachment: Doctrine and Practice
• Section 4
  • Clause 1
    • Elections
      • The Elections Clause
        • The Elections Clause: Doctrine and Practice
          • Role of the States in Regulating Federal Elections
          • Role of Congress in Regulating Federal Elections
  • Clause 2
    • Meetings of Congress
• Section 5
  • Clause 1
    • Determinations of Elections, Returns, and Qualifications
    • Quorums
  • Clause 2
    • Rule of Proceedings
    • Punishments and Expulsions
  • Clause 3
    • Keeping a Journal of Proceedings
  • Clause 4
    • In General
• Section 6
  • Clause 1
    • Compensation and Privileges for Members of Congress
      • Compensation for Members
        • Compensation for Members: Overview
      • Privilege From Arrest
      • Speech and Debate Privilege
  • Clause 2
    • Ineligibility / Sinecure Clause
    • Incompatibility Clause
• Section 7
  • Clause 1
    • The Lawmaking Process
      • Origination Clause
  • Clause 2
    • Enactment of Legislation
  • Clause 3
    • Passage of Orders, Resolutions, or Votes
• Section 8
  • Clause 1
    • Taxing Power
    • Spending Power
  • Clause 2
    • Borrowing Power
  • Clause 3
    • Commerce Powers
      • Foreign Commerce Power
      • Commerce Among the Several States
      • Commerce With Indian Tribes
      • Dormant Commerce Power
        • Dormant Commerce Power: Overview
        • Dormant Commerce Power: Select Topics for Consideration
          • State Taxation and the Dormant Commerce Clause
  • Clause 4
    • Naturalization Power
      • Naturalization Power: Overview
      • Naturalization Power: Select Topics for Consideration
        • Expatriation
    • Bankruptcy Power
      • Bankruptcy Power: Doctrine and Practice
        • Scope of Federal Bankruptcy Power
        • Restriction on State Bankruptcy Power
  • Clause 5
    • Coinage Power
  • Clause 6
    • Counterfeiting Power
  • Clause 7
    • Postal Power
      • Postal Power: Overview
      • Postal Power: Doctrine and Practice
        • Postal Power: Restrictions on State Power
  • Clause 8
    • Copyrights and Patents
      • Origins and Scope of the Power
      • Patentable Discoveries
      • Nature and Scope of the Right Secured for Copyright
      • Power of Congress Over Patents and Copyrights
      • Copyright and the First Amendment
      • State Power Affecting Patents and Copyrights
      • Trade-Marks and Advertisements
  • Clause 9
    • In General
  • Clause 10
    • Define and Punish Clause
      • Define and Punish Clause: Historical Background
      • Define and Punish Clause: Doctrine and Practice
  • Clause 11
    • Power to Declare War
    • Power to Make Rules Regarding Capture
  • Clause 12
    • Power to Raise and Support an Army
      • Power to Raise and Support an Army: Overview
      • Power to Raise and Support an Army: Historical Background
  • Clause 13
    • In General
  • Clause 14
    • Power to Govern and Regulate Land and Naval Forces
  • Clause 15
    • Power to Call Forth the Militia
  • Clause 16
    • Power to Organize Militias
  • Clause 17
    • Power over the Seat of Government
      • Power over the Seat of Government: Historical Background
      • Power over the Seat of Government: Doctrine and Practice
    • Power Over Places Purchased
  • Clause 18
    • The Necessary and Proper Clause: Overview
    • The Necessary and Proper Clause: Historical Background
    • The Necessary and Proper Clause: Doctrine and Practice
      • The Necessary and Proper Clause Doctrine: Early Doctrine and McCulloch v. Maryland
      • The Necessary and Proper Clause Doctrine: Post-McCulloch Nineteenth Century Doctrinal Development
      • The Necessary and Proper Clause Doctrine: Modern Doctrine (Twentieth Century to Present)
      • The Necessary and Proper Clause Doctrine: The Meaning of
        Proper
    • Implied Powers of Congress
      • Implied Power of Congress to Conduct Investigations and Oversight
        • Implied Power of Congress to Conduct Investigations and Oversight: Historical Background
        • Implied Power of Congress to Conduct Investigations and Oversight: Doctrine and Practice
      • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration
        • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration: Overview
        • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration: Historical Background
          • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration Historical Background: The English Common Law
          • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration Historical Background: Colonial Practice and the Constitutional Convention
          • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration Historical Background: Early Federal Laws Regulating Immigration
        • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration: Pre-Plenary Power Jurisprudence (1837-1889)
        • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration: Early Plenary Power Jurisprudence (1889-1900)
        • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration: Judicial Development of the Plenary Power Doctrine in the Twentieth Century
          • Judicial Development of the Plenary Power Doctrine in the Twentieth Century: Overview
          • Judicial Development of the Plenary Power Doctrine in the Twentieth Century: Recognition of Constitutional Protections for Aliens within the United States
          • Judicial Development of the Plenary Power Doctrine in the Twentieth Century: Recognition of Limited Constitutional Protections for Aliens Seeking to Enter the United States
        • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration: Modern Plenary Power Jurisprudence
          • Modern Plenary Power Jurisprudence: Overview
          • Modern Plenary Power Jurisprudence: Challenges to the Exclusion of Aliens—Boutilier v. Immigration & Naturalization Service, Kleindienst v. Mandel, and Fiallo v. Bell
          • Modern Plenary Power Jurisprudence: Challenges to the Exclusion of Aliens—Kerry v. Din and Trump v. Hawaii
          • Modern Plenary Power Jurisprudence: Federal Laws Relating to Aliens within the United States
          • Modern Plenary Power Jurisprudence: Judicial Scrutiny of Immigration-Related State Laws
        • Implied Power of Congress Over Immigration: Conclusion
• Section 9
  • Clause 1
    • Express Limits on Federal Power
      • Restrictions on the Slave Trade
  • Clause 2
    • Writ of Habeas Corpus and the Suspension Clause
  • Clause 3
    • Bills of Attainder
    • Ex Post Facto Laws
  • Clause 4
    • Prohibition on Direct Taxation
      • Prohibition on Direct Taxation: Overview
      • Prohibition on Direct Taxation: Doctrine and Practice
        • Prohibition on Direct Taxation: Early Doctrine
        • Prohibition on Direct Taxation: Pollock and its Effect
  • Clause 5
    • Prohibition on Taxes on Exports
  • Clause 6
    • Prohibition on Port Preferences
  • Clause 7
    • Appropriations Clause
  • Clause 8
    • Foreign Emoluments Clause
• Section 10
  • Clause 1
    • States Engaging in Foreign Policy
    • States and Coining of Money and Issuing Bills of Credit
      • States and Coining of Money and Issuing Bills of Credit: Overview
      • States and Coining of Money and Issuing Bills of Credit: Doctrine and Practice
        • Limits on Issuing Legal Tender
    • State Bills of Attainder
    • State Ex Post Facto Laws
    • Contract Clause
  • Clause 2
    • Import-Export Clause
  • Clause 3
    • States and Duty of Tonnage
    • States and Military Affairs
    • Compacts Clause