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commercial transactions

beneficial ownership

A beneficial ownership is a trust arrangement whereby the beneficial owner of a security has the power to vote on and influence decisions regarding that security, and receives the benefit afforded by the security, even though in street name the security may be held by someone other than the true owner, such as a broker, for safety or convenience reasons.

bill of exchange

A bill of exchange, a short-term negotiable instrument, is a signed, unconditional, written order binding one party to pay a fixed sum of money to another party on demand or at a predetermined date. A bill of exchange is sometimes called draft or draught, but draft usually applies to domestic transactions only. The term bill of exchange may also be applied broadly to other instruments of foreign exchange.

bill of lading

A bill of lading is a legal instrument used in the transportation and shipping industries which lists the goods being shipped and the terms under which they will be delivered. If the goods as delivered do not match the terms of the bill of lading, the transportation company can be liable for damages. 

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