In perpetuity means forever. For example, someone may have the right to receive the profits from land in perpetuity. The term is also commonly used in the context of copyright. A perpetual copyright grants one the right to use the copyright indefinitely.
[Last reviewed in April of 2022 by the Wex Definitions Team]
In personam, literally translating to “against the person,” refers to courts' power to adjudicate matters directed against a party. In personam jurisdiction is one of the two forms of personal jurisdiction with the other being in-rem jurisdiction.
In propria persona is a Latin phrase meaning "for one's self." The phrase is used for a person who appears before a court or represents themself in absence of a lawyer. It is synonymous with the term pro se.
In re Gault, 387 U.S. 1 (1967), is a U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that juvenile criminal defendants are entitled to Due Process protection under the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.
In toto is a Latin phrase that means in all, or completely. For example, if a judge accepts a lawyer's argument in toto, it means that the judge accepts the entire argument.
Inalienable means something that is not transferable or that is impossible to take away. Every constitution provides for fundamental rights which are inalienable rights.
