Justice of the peace (JP) is a title for a public officer authorized to preside over a local court of limited jurisdiction, referred to as a court of a justice of the peace. A justice of the peace is sometimes referred to as a “lay judge”, as many jurisdictions do not require JPs to be qualified lawyers.
Justice system refers collectively to the agencies, establishments, and institutions responsible for administering or enforcing the law, organized primarily around civil or criminal law matters.
Justiciability refers to the types of matters that a court can adjudicate. If a case is "non-justiciable," then the court cannot hear it. Justiciability rulings usually arise either when a court does not have power to hear the case under the Constitution or it is imprudent to exercise judicial power.
Justification is a type of defense that exempts the defendant from liability because the defendant's actions were justified, or not wrong.
In criminal law, a juvenile is an adolescent who is not old enough to take responsibility for a crime they are accused of, so they might not be seen in a traditional court, but by a juvenile court.
A juvenile delinquent is a minor who is tried and found guilty of a crime in a juvenile court. Laws can vary, but minors are usually persons under 18 years of age.
Juvenile justice is the area of criminal law applicable to persons not old enough to be held fully responsible for criminal acts. In most states, the age for adult criminal culpability is set at 18. In cases of extreme violence or other anti-social behavior, the age a child can be charged as an adult is lowered.
The term “kangaroo court” is an idiom referring to a court whose proceedings deviate so far from accepted legal norms that they can no longer be considered fair or just. The label of kangaroo court is a severe condemnation and is generally only levied against judges presiding over egregious miscarriages of justice.
