legal education and practice

Constructive discharge occurs when an employee quits their job in response to working conditions that are so poor that no reasonable person would stay. Like other “constructive” variants, constructive discharge functions in the eyes of the law as if the employee was terminated. 

Constructive evictions occur when a landlord does not physically or legally evict a tenant but takes actions that interfere with the tenant's use and enjoyment of the premises significantly enough to constitute “eviction in fact.” The doctrine of constructive eviction is based on a breach of the

Constructive force is when a person or party uses threats or coercion to gain control over another and achieve their desired outcome. Unlike actual force, which is physical force applied directly to a person’s body, constructive force need only produce sufficient fear of harm to suspend a victim's free will. 

Constructive fraud in the field of contract law refers to a breach of a duty through material misrepresentations upon which a third party relies. Unlike standard fraud, intent to deceive is not a requirement of constructive fraud.

A constructive trust is not an actual trust by the traditional definition but a trust created through a court’s power, over assets they determine a party cannot equitably keep. It is a legal fiction that is used as a remedy for unjust enrichment.

The consulate is the office place of a consul, a representative of a foreign government in the host country. The consulate deals with a variety of issues which enhance the relationship between the two countries and provides bureaucratic support to both the citizens of the consul's own country traveling or living abroad, and to the citizens of the country the consul resides in who wish to travel to or trade with the consul's country.

A consumer expectations test is a standard used for determining if a design defect exists in a products liability tort case.

• products liability

A contemnor is a person who is found to be in contempt of court. A party becomes a contemnor by ignoring/disobeying a court order. Contemnors are subject to court sanctions and punishments. 

Criminal contempt of court refers to disobedience of an order of the court which carries criminal penalties. Common examples of conduct which may result in criminal contempt of court charges include insulting the judge or creating a disturbance at trial. Penalties for criminal contempt include fines and potential jail time.