corrections
Corrections in the legal context refers to the retribution, rehabilitation, and supervision of criminal offenders through the system of incarceration, probation, and parole.
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the Constitution
corrections program
A corrections program is a program that provides for the retribution, rehabilitation, and supervision of criminal offenders through the systems of incarceration, probation, and parole.
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Taxonomy upgrade extras
covert propaganda
Covert propaganda refers to media materials prepared by a government agency and then disseminated by a nongovernmental media outlet with the governmental source undisclosed [1].
[1] E.g., Government Accounting Office, Letter to Senate Committee on Postal Services, B-229257 (Jun. 10, 1988).
[2] General Accounting Office, Matter of: To the Honorable Jack Brooks, B-229069 (Sep. 30, 1987).
[3] General Accounting Office, Letter to the Chairman of Senate Committee on Small Business, B-223098 (Oct. 10, 1986).
[4] Government Accountability Office, Department of Education—Contract to Obtain Services of Armstrong Williams, B-305368 (Sept. 30, 2005).
[5] Richard B. Kielbowicz, The Role of News Leaks in Governance and the Law of Journalists’ Confidentiality, 1795-2005, 43 San Diego L. Rev. 425 (2006).
[6] Government Accountability Office, Letter to Senate Committee on Postal Services, B-229257 (Jun. 10, 1988).
[7] Government Accountability Office, Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003: Use of appropriated funds for flier and print and television advertisements, B-302504 (Mar. 10, 2004).
[8] Government Accountability Office, Application of Anti-Lobbying Laws to the Office of National Drug Control Policy's Open Letter to State Level Prosecutors, B-301022 (Mar. 10, 2004).
[9] Government Accountability Office, Forest Service—Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment brochure and video materials, B-302992 (Sep. 10, 2004).
[10] Government Accounting Office, Letter to the Chairman of Senate Committee on Small Business, B-223098 (Oct. 10, 1986).
[11] Government Accounting Office, Matter of: To the Honorable Jack Brooks, B-229069 (Sep. 30, 1987) (“information developed during the course of our investigation demonstrates that, on occasion, S/LPD also arranged for the publication of articles which purportedly had been prepared by, and reflected the views of, persons not associated with the government but which, in fact, had been prepared at the request of government officials and partially or wholly paid for with government funds.”).
[12] Id.
[13] Id.
[14] Id. (“We have been unable to estimate the amount of effort and funds expended on covert propaganda operations. Materials contained in S/LPD files indicate that covert propaganda operations were conducted on several other occasions and were not separated from routine legitimate activities. view of the difficulty in determining the exact amount expended illegally, as well as the identity of any particular voucher involved, we conclude that it would not be appropriate in these circumstances to attempt recovery of the funds improperly expended.”).
[15] Id. (“We recommend that the Department of State take action to insure that violations of appropriations restrictions contained in section 501 do not occur in the future.”).
[16] Government Accountability Office, Department of Health and Human Services—Contract with Maggie Gallagher, B-304716 (Sep. 30, 2005), at 3.
[17] Id.
[18] Id. at 7.
[19] Id.
[20] Government Accountability Office, Department of Education—Contract to Obtain Services of Armstrong Williams, B-305368 (Sept. 30, 2005), at 2.
[21] Id. at 5.
[22] Id. at 10-12 (“We can find no evidence in the record that the Department took any steps to assure that appropriate disclosures were made.”).
[23] Id. at 14 (citing 31 U.S.C. § 1341(a)).
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cracking
Cracking is a form of gerrymandering that consists of drawing district boundaries to spread a particular community thinly across multiple districts to split their vote and lessen the effectiveness of their votes. For example, a large minority neighborhood may be split into pieces, even down to the street level, to ensure that their preferred candidate is not elected in any of the districts.
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crime against nature
Crime against nature is an umbrella term encompassing sexual offenses that are deemed “unnatural” or "contrary to the order of nature." Some jurisdictions have codified laws against the individual offenses.
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criminal procedure
Criminal procedure deals with the set of rules governing the series of proceedings through which the government enforces substantive criminal law. Municipalities,
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criminal syndicalism laws
Criminal syndicalism laws were used primarily in the early 1900s to suppress economic and political radicals, anti-war efforts, and to undermine labor movements, such as the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). These laws made acts intended to incite such change against the U.S. government illegal.
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critical stages of proceedings
Critical stage of proceedings is a term used in criminal procedure to denote the stage at which a person accused of a crime will receive the right to counsel. If the right is denied at that critical stage, then later proceedings will be prejudiced.
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Taxonomy upgrade extras
cruel and unusual punishment
Cruel and unusual punishment is an excessive penalty that is disproportionate to the crime committed, an act of retribution that causes deliberate pain or suffering, and/or conditions that violate basic human rights standards.
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