legal education and practice

John Doe is a fictitious name used in legal proceedings when the actual name of a party is unknown at the time a lawsuit is initiated.

Joinder is the process to consolidate claims or parties into one case. 

Joinder of issue is the stage in a lawsuit when the defendant has contested some or all of the plaintiff’s factual allegations or when it is established which legal questions are 

Joint criminal enterprise (JCE) refers to mode of liability used in international war crimes tribunals that extends criminal liability to willing members of criminal groups.

• international criminal law
• war crimes

A joint defendant is a defendant involved in litigation with two or more defendants. In many states, such as Resolution Trust Corp. v.

Joint liability is a form of civil liability in which two or more defendants are collectively responsible for the entire amount of the plaintiff’s damages arising from their joint conduct.

A joint resolution of Congress is one of four types of legislation that can be passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate. The other types of legislation are simple resolutions, concurrent resolutions, and bills. 

The Jones Act, also known as the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, is a federal statute establishing support for the development and maintenance of a merchant marine in order to support

• lawsuits-court

A judge is an appointed or elected official who decides legal disputes in court. Judges are required to be impartial and unbiased in their decision making. It is important to note that the specific roles and powers of judges may vary across different jurisdictions.

Judge advocates are appointed officers of the Judge Advocate General (JAG) Corps. Judge advocates represent the Army in military legal matters and serve as legal advisors to help uphold military law, as specified in the Uniform Code of Military Justice.