computers

According to Vermont Statute, 9 V.S.A.

A digital signature is an electronic equivalent of a person’s physical signature. It is like an electronic fingerprint that is unique to each signer. As explained by the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency, a digital signature is an advanced mathematical technique routinely used to validate the authenticity and integrity of a message (e.g., an email, a credit card transaction, or a digital document). It prevents the copying and tampering of digital communications.

Under the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce (ESIGN) Act, specifically 15 U.S.C.

Electronic surveillance is the use of electronic, mechanical, or other devices to collect the contents of wire or electronic communications in situations where at least one party has a reasonable expectation of privacy

• Fourth Amendment
• constitutional law
• SURVEILLANCE
• search and seizure
• PRIVACY

In a legal context, hacking is a term for utilizing an unconventional or illicit means to gain unauthorized access to a digital device, computer system, or network. Hacking is a federal crime. The National Coordinator for Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience is responsible for protecting Americans from cyber threats originating domestically or abroad.

Inlining is a legally and ethically questionable method of displaying a file, usually an image, from one website onto another website without permission. Inlining operates by a website owner linking onto their website the file address from another website which will transfer the file along servers to appear as though the file originated from the linking website. The trouble is because the file will appear as if it is from the website that inlined the file, not from the original website.

The Internet is a global electronic communications network that connects various smaller networks and organizational computer facilities utilizing standardized communication protocols (see Merriam-Webster). 47 USC § 230(f)(1) defines the

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an entity that supplies broadband service to subscribers. Broadband refers to services that provide high-speed Internet access.

IP address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to a device that is connected to a computer network and uses the Internet Protocol (IP) for communication. The address enables devices to locate and exchange data with one another across the internet or other networks. IP establishes the rules for formatting and transmitting data packets.

ISP is an abbreviation for Internet service provider. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an entity that supplies broadband service to