employment

Bureaucracy describes an organizational system implemented to manage a government agency or institution. The word comes from “bureau” (meaning "writing desk" in old French) and “cracy” (meaning "power" in Latin). 

A cafeteria plan is a written employee benefit program that allows employees to choose at least two benefits from a menu of options. As explained by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), a cafeteria plan must allow employees to choose between one taxable benefit (e.g.

Capacity refers to the ability to make a rational decision based upon all relevant facts and considerations. Some common usages of the term “capacity” in a legal sense include: 

• contract law

A captive audience refers to a situation in which an employer gives speeches that discourage employees from joining a union or that are in some way anti-union.  These speeches may be given to employees on company time

• labor law

Casual labor is a term of art that is used in reference to work that does not further the business of the employer, typically done on a one-time or very sporadic basis.

A civil case is a non-criminal legal dispute between private parties, typically involving rights and obligations under the U.S. Constitution, federal law, state law, or common law.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex (including pregnancy), and religion in employment, education, and access to public facilities and public accommodations, such as restauran

A closed shop is an arrangement whereby a place of employment requires current membership in a specific union as a condition of employment. While initially permitted, the practice of closed shops has since been outlawed by the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947. 

COBRA, or the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, is a federal statute, passed in 1985 that provides employees and their families the right to continue group health benefits under an 

• labor and employment law

Coercive statement by an employer refers to when employers illegally attempt to pressure employees to not participate in union activities. Under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), an employer may not make any coercive statement that involves threats to the employee. Freedom of speech protects an employers’ ability to make arguments to their employees against joining a union, but in doing so, the employer cannot include any hints of reprisals against the employee.

• labor law