In January 2020, the Beijing No. 2 Intermediate People’s Court ruled that the dismissal of a transgender woman who had undergone gender-affirming surgery was unlawful and ordered her reinstatement. The transgender woman was employed as a product director since 2015 at Dangdang, an e-commerce company best known as one of the earliest and largest online book retailers in China, and was terminated for “continuous absenteeism” after taking medically advised leave for her surgery.

Habeas Corpus No. 783,927 Superior Court of Justice (2023)

Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission No. 26 and Writ of Injunction No. 4733 – Federal Supreme Court (2019)

Claim of Breach No. 31818 – Federal Supreme Court and Popular Action No. 1011189-79.2017.4.01.3400 – Federal Regional Court of the 1st Region (2019)

Direct Action of Unconstitutionality No. 5543 – Federal Supreme Court (2020)

Special Appeal No. 1,977,124 – Superior Court of Justice, Sixth Panel (2022)

The Federal Supreme Court (STF), unanimously, declared the so-called “honor defense” unconstitutional, holding that it violates the principles of human dignity, the protection of life, and gender equality. The ruling was issued in the context of a Claim of Breach of Fundamental Precept (ADPF) 779, filed by the Democratic Labor Party (PDT), following a preliminary injunction granted by Justice Dias Toffoli in February 2021.

The First Panel of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF), by majority, denied habeas corpus relief that sought to reclassify the crime of rape of a vulnerable person (Article 217-A of the Penal Code) as the misdemeanor of offensive molestation (Article 65 of the Law of Criminal Misdemeanors, later repealed by Law No. 14,132/2021).

Law No. 13,931/2019 provides for the mandatory reporting of suspected or confirmed cases of violence against women. The law requires that, whenever there are indications or confirmation of violence, the case must be reported to the police authority within 24 hours, both to enable appropriate measures and for statistical purposes.

Law No. 14,149/2021 of May 5, 2021 established the National Risk Assessment Form to be applied to women who are victims of domestic and family violence. The purpose of the form is to identify risk factors indicating the likelihood that the woman may suffer further violence in the context of domestic or family relationships. It functions as a tool to support the work of law enforcement agencies, the Public Prosecutor’s Office, the Judiciary, and protection and assistance networks in managing identified risks.