The Harassment Act of New Zealand (the “HA”) provides protection to victims of harassment by making the most serious types of harassment criminal offenses, empowering courts to make orders to protect victims of harassment who are not covered by family violence legislation and providing effective sanctions for breaches of criminal and civil laws relating to harassment. Harassment is defined to mean a pattern of behavior that is directed against another person, being any “specified act” to the other person on at least 2 separate occasions within a period of 12 months.

The Family Violence Act (the “FVA”) broadly defines family violence to include physical, sexual or psychological abuse by a person in a family relationship with the victim, which includes spouses (including domestic partners), family members or household members. The definition of family violence expressly includes dowry abuse. The object of the FVA is to stop and prevent perpetrators of family violence and to keep victims, including children, safe from family violence.

The Human Rights Act 1993 of New Zealand (“Act”) aims to promote and protect human rights by prohibiting discrimination based on the grounds of race, sex, age, disability, religious belief, family status and sexual orientation (amongst other grounds pertaining to a person’s identity) in various settings including employment, education, and access to goods and services. The Act provides individuals with the ability to lodge complaints of unlawful discrimination with the Human Rights Commission, being a statutory body established under Part 1 of the Act (“Commission”).

The Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015 of New Zealand (the “Act”) grants powers to approved agencies to receive, assess and investigate complaints about harm caused to individuals by digital communications. The purpose of the Act is to provide victims of harmful digital communications with a quick and efficient means of redress and otherwise deter, prevent and mitigate harm caused by such digital communications.

The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (the "Bill of Rights") entrenches a variety of civil and political rights and liberties into New Zealand legislation. Its objectives are to affirm, protect and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms in New Zealand, and to affirm its commitment to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Bill of Rights applies to acts done by the legislative, executive or judicial branches of the New Zealand government or by any person or body in the performance of a public function.

Part 9 of the Crimes Act (the “CA”) of New Zealand covers crimes violating a person’s reputation and personal privacy, including through the possession, publication, export or sale of intimate visual recordings.

Part 8 of the Crimes Act (the “CA”) of New Zealand covers crimes against a person including homicide, infanticide, assault on a child, assault on persons in a family relationship, acid throwing, female genital mutilation, coerced marriage and abduction. Section 194 provides a maximum sentence of 2 years for an assault by a male against any female or for an assault against any child under the age of 14.

The Crimes Act (“the CA”) of New Zealand criminalizes offenses against the person, property and the public order and sets out punishments and defenses for such crimes. The CA applies to all offenses occurring within New Zealand and allows for extraterritorial jurisdiction over New Zealand citizens or residents who have committed certain offenses outside of New Zealand including sexual crimes against children and young persons outside New Zealand. Part 7 of the CA broadly defines sexual violence to include rape or the unlawful sexual connection with another person.

Chapter I Article 110 of the Peruvian Penal Code provides that a mother who kills her child during child birth will be punished by 1 to 4 years imprisonment or community service.

Peruvian Penal Code Title I: Crimes Against Life, Body, and Health, Chapter I: Homicide, Article 108-B: Femicide, punishes the crime of femicide with imprisonment of no less than 20 years. femicide means killing a woman because of her identity as a woman, and it applies in several contexts: family violence, coercion, harassment or sexual harassment, abuse of power, trust or any other position or relation which places the agent in a position of authority.