CIVICS

A war crime is a serious violation of international humanitarian law committed during armed conflict.

• international criminal law

War Powers refers to both Congress’ and the President’s Constitutional powers over military or armed conflicts by the United States. Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the U.S.

• war powers
• Article II powers

Warrantless means that government officers carry out a search or arrest without a warrant or any other legal authorization. The requirement of a warrant serves to protect individuals’ privacy interests against unreasonable governmental intrusion.

A wash sale is defined as the sale of an asset, such as stocks or bonds, at a loss, followed by the repurchase of the same or substantially similar asset within 30 days before or after the sale. This method is often used to realize a loss for tax purposes.

The Washington D.C. Voting Rights Amendment, proposed by Congress in 1978, aimed to provide the District of Columbia with full representation in the U.S. Congress, including voting rights in both the House of Representatives and the Senate, as well as participation in the Electoral College.

Watkins v. United States (1957) is a U.S. Supreme Court case that held the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment limits Congress’s ability to conduct investigations.

In the United States, welfare benefits for individuals and families with low or no income were almost non-existent before the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Welfare work rules are the rules that mandate recipients of public benefits to make efforts toward securing employment in order to continue receiving their benefits. These rules are designed to promote self-sufficiency and reduce long-term dependency on welfare programs.

A whistleblower protection act is a federal or state law that protects employees from retaliation, such as termination or discrimination, for properly disclosing employer wrongdoing. Also termed as the whistleblower act.

White-collar crime generally encompasses a variety of nonviolent crimes usually committed in commercial situations for financial gain. 

• criminal law
• white-collar crime
• antitrust law
• antitrust
• securities law